Environmentally benign hybrid nanocomposite beads for azo dye remediation via synchronized dual degradation mechanisms.

Practically, 12% of used dyes are excluded as waste in the mobile aqueous environment. Methyl orange (MO), an industrial azo dye, is known to be carcinogenic. Accordingly, this work was engaged to fabrication of a high-efficiency visible light photocatalysts based on Ag-Alginate/Chitosan-coated MgO nanocomposite beads.

Advantages of using non-isothermal bioreactors in agricultural waste water treatment by means of immobilized urease. Study on the influence of spacer length and immobilization method.

The behavior of three different catalytic membranes, obtained by immobilizing urease on nylon sheets chemically grafted with methyl methacrylate, was studied in a bioreactor operating under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Membrane activation was carried out by condensation or acyl azide reaction, and spacers of different lengths, such as hexamethylendiamine or hydrazine, were used. Under isothermal conditions, the activities of the catalytic membranes and soluble urease were characterized as a function of pH, temperature, and urea concentration.