Nitrogen input reduces the physical defense of rice plant against planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Nitrogen has important effects on plant growth and defense. Although studies on the alternation in plant chemical defense by nitrogen fertilization have been extensively reported, how it affects physical defense is poorly understood. Two rice (Oryza sativa L.

Suprathreshold Water Spray Stimulus Enhances Plant Defenses against Biotic Stresses in Tomato.

Mechanical stimuli can affect plant growth, development, and defenses. The role of water spray stimulation, as a prevalent mechanical stimulus in the environment, in crop growth and defense cannot be overlooked. In this study, the effects of water spray on tomato plant growth and defense against the chewing herbivore and necrotrophic fungus were investigated.

Unprecedented oviposition tactics avoid plant defences and reduce attack by parasitic wasps.

Female insects oviposit in sites suitable for the development of their offspring. The Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata is a serious pest of various crops including wheat and prefers to oviposit on withered leaves rather than on fresh plant material, which is surprisingly different from other insects. Studies here showed that this oviposition tactic enables avoidance of wheat defence against eggs and emerged larvae.

Predicted structure of odorant-binding protein 12 from Monochamus alternatus (Hope) suggests a mechanism of flexible odorant-binding.

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are thought to bind and deliver hydrophobic odorants from the environment to receptors on insect sensory neurons, and have been used to screen behaviorally active compounds of insects. In order to screen behaviorally active compounds for Monochamus alternatus by OBPs, we cloned full length of Obp12 coding sequence from M. alternatus and proved secretion property of MaltOBP12, then tested binding affinities of recombinant MaltOBP12 to 12 pine volatiles in vitro.

A Highly Expressed Antennae Odorant-Binding Protein Involved in Recognition of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles in .

Natural enemies such as parasitoids and parasites depend on sensitive olfactory to search for their specific hosts. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are vital components in providing host information for many natural enemies of herbivores. However, the olfactory-related proteins involved in the recognition of HIPVs are rarely reported.

BarH1 regulates odorant-binding proteins expression and olfactory perception of Monochamus alternatus Hope.

Insect odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are a class of small soluble proteins that can be found in various tissues wherein binding and transport of small molecules are required. Thus, OBPs are not only involved in typical olfactory function by specific activities with odorants but also participate in other physiological processes in non-chemosensory tissues. To better understand the complex biological functions of OBPs, it is necessary to study the transcriptional regulation of their expression patterns.

Phytopathogenic infection alters rice-pest-parasitoid tri-trophic interactions.

Background: Plant pathogens and pests often occur together, causing damage while interfering with plant growth. The effects of phytopathogenic infections on plant-herbivore-natural enemy tri-trophic interactions (TTIs) have been extensively investigated, but little is known about how the interval of infection influences such relationships. Here, the effect of rice plants infected by the phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani on the herbivorous rice brown planthopper (BPH) and associated egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae over a temporal scale was examined.

Correction: Dihydroxyacetone of wheat root exudates serves as an attractant for Heterodera avenae.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

An Odorant Binding Protein (SaveOBP9) Involved in Chemoreception of the Wheat Aphid .

Odorant binding proteins play a key role in the olfactory system and are involved in the odor perception and discrimination of insects. To investigate the potential physiological functions of SaveOBP9 in , fluorescence ligand binding experiments, molecular docking, RNA interference, and behavioral tests were performed. Fluorescence binding assay results showed that SaveOBP9 had broad and high (Ki < 10 μM) binding abilities with most of the wheat volatiles, but was more obvious at pH 7.

Dihydroxyacetone of wheat root exudates serves as an attractant for Heterodera avenae.

Heterodera avenae, as an obligate endoparasite, causes severe yield loss in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Investigation on the mechanisms how H. avenae perceives wheat roots is limited.

A chemosensory protein MsepCSP5 involved in chemoreception of oriental armyworm .

Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) have been suggested to perform several functions in insects, including chemoreception. To find out whether MsepCSP5 identified from shows potential physiological functions in olfaction, gene expression profiles, ligand-binding experiments, molecular docking, RNA interference, and behavioral test were performed. Results showed that was highly expressed in female antennae.

Isolation, Characterization, and Application of Bacteriophage LPSE1 Against in Ready to Eat (RTE) Foods.

infection is an important foodborne consumer health concern that can be mitigated during food processing. Bacteriophage therapy imparts many advantages over conventional chemical preservatives including pathogen specificity, natural derivation, potency, and providing a high degree of safety. The objective of this study aimed to isolate and characterize a phage that effectively control food contamination.

Silencing of Chemosensory Protein Gene NlugCSP8 by RNAi Induces Declining Behavioral Responses of .

Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) play imperative functions in chemical and biochemical signaling of insects, as they distinguish and transfer ecological chemical indications to a sensory system in order to initiate behavioral responses. The brown planthopper (BPH), Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), has emerged as the most destructive pest, causing serious damage to rice in extensive areas throughout Asia. Biotic characteristics like monophagy, dual wing forms, and annual long-distance migration imply a critical role of chemoreception in .

Screening behaviorally active compounds based on fluorescence quenching in combination with binding mechanism analyses of SspOBP7, an odorant binding protein from Sclerodermus sp.

Reverse chemical ecology approaches based on the recognition and transport function of odorant binding proteins (OBPs) have been used to screen behaviorally active compounds of insects. In the first place, behaviorally active compounds from Sclerodermus sp., an important ectoparasite of Monochamus alternatus Hope, were screened by SspOBP7.

Complete Genome Sequence of Lytic Bacteriophage LPST10, Isolated in China.

Bacteriophage LPST10 was isolated from Wuhan, China. Lytic activity was demonstrated against multiple serovars, including serovar Typhimurium strains. This bacteriophage has a 47,657-bp double-stranded DNA genome encoding 87 putative coding sequences.

Assessment of DAPG-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens for Management of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum on Watermelon.

Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates Clinto 1R, Wayne 1R, and Wood 1R, which produce the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), can suppress soilborne diseases and promote plant growth. Consequently, these beneficial bacterial isolates were tested on watermelon plants for suppression of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode: RKN) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

Impact of direct and indirect application of rising furfural concentrations on viability, infectivity and reproduction of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Pisum sativum.

The gradual withdraw of several broadly used nematicides from market has enhanced the need to develop sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives with nematicidal properties. Furfural is one of the promising alternatives to fill this need. Baseline information about the impact of furfural on egg hatch, penetration potential and ultrastructure of nematode is lacking.

A mutant of the nematophagous fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) is a novel biocontrol agent for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes severe stem rot and yield loss in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and other crops worldwide. Extensive studies have been conducted on Paecilomyces lilacinus as a nematophagous bioagent.

The role of a phospholipase (PLD) in virulence of Purpureocillium lilacinum (Paecilomyces lilacinum).

Phospholipases are key enzymes in pathogenic fungi that cleave host phospholipids, resulting in membrane destabilization and host cell penetration. However, understanding the role of phospholipases on the virulence of the filamentous fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum has been still rather limited. In this study, pld gene was characterized.

Toxicity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) to plant-parasitic and bacterial-feeding nematodes.

The antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is produced by some isolates of the beneficial bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. DAPG is toxic to many organisms, and crop yield increases have been reported after application of DAPG-producing P. fluorescens.