Fluorescence guided surgery imaging systems for breast cancer identification: a systematic review.

Significance: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is limited by high rates of positive margins and re-operative interventions. Fluorescence-guided surgery seeks to detect the entire lesion in real time, thus guiding the surgeons to remove all the tumor at the index procedure.

Aim: Our aim was to identify the optimal combination of a camera system and fluorophore for fluorescence-guided BCS.