Social Environment, Lifestyle, and Genetic Predisposition With Dementia Risk: A Long-Term Longitudinal Study Among Older Adults.

Background: The role of social environment, that is, the aggregate effect of social determinants of health (SDOHs), in determining dementia is unclear.

Methods: We developed a novel polysocial risk score for dementia based on 19 SDOH among 5 199 participants in the Health and Retirement Study, United States, to measure the social environmental risk. We used a survival analysis approach to assess the association between social environment and dementia risk in 2006-2020.

Association between multimorbidity and informal long-term care use in China: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: The impact of multimorbidity on long-term care (LTC) use is understudied, despite its well-documented negative effects on functional disabilities. The current study aims to assess the association between multimorbidity and informal LTC use in China. We also explored the socioeconomic and regional disparities.

Life-course inequalities in intrinsic capacity and healthy ageing, China.

Objective: To investigate the contribution of early-life factors on intrinsic capacity of Chinese adults older than 45 years.

Methods: We used data on 21 783 participants from waves 1 (2011) and 2 (2013) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), who also participated in the 2014 CHARLS Life History Survey to calculate a previously validated measure of intrinsic capacity. We considered 11 early-life factors and investigated their direct association with participants' intrinsic capacity later in life, as well as their indirect association through four current socioeconomic factors.

Quantifying the financial impact of overuse in primary care in China: A standardised patient study.

Overuse of health care is a potential factor in explaining the rapid increase in health care expenditure in many countries; however, it is difficult to measure overuse. This study employed the novel method of using unannounced standardised patients (SPs) to identify overuse, document its patterns and quantify its financial impact on patients in primary care in China. We trained 18 SPs to present consistent cases of two common chronic diseases and recorded 492 physician-patient interactions in 63 public and private primary hospitals in a capital city in western China in 2017 and 2018.

Determinants of early-access to retirement savings: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Australian regulations strictly limit early withdrawals from retirement plan accounts. However, in 2020, the Government made otherwise illiquid plan balances temporarily liquid, offering emergency relief during the pandemic. The COVID-19 Early Release Scheme allowed participants in financial hardship easy access to up to $A20,000 of savings over two rounds.

Disease burden of ageing, sex and regional disparities and health resources allocation: a longitudinal analysis of 31 provinces in Mainland China.

Objectives: To measure the disease burden of ageing based on age-related diseases (ARDs), the sex and regional disparities and the impact of health resources allocation on the burden in China.

Design: A national comparative study based on Global Burden of Diseases Study estimates and China's routine official statistics.

Setting And Participants: Thirty-one provinces of Mainland China were included for analysis in the study.

Using Balanced Time Perspective to Explain Well-Being and Planning in Retirement.

The notion of whether people focus on the past, present or future, and how it shapes their behavior is known as Time Perspective. Fundamental to the work of two of its earliest proponents, Zimbardo and Boyd (2008), was the concept of balanced time perspective and its relationship to wellness. A person with balanced time perspective can be expected to have a flexible temporal focus of mostly positive orientations (past-positive, present-hedonistic, and future) and much less negative orientations (past-negative and present-fatalistic).