How well do plasma Alzheimer's disease biomarkers reflect the CSF amyloid status?

Background: Can plasma biomarkers as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) perform in the separation of amyloid-beta-positive (Aβ+) vs amyloid-beta-negative (Aβ-) groups across an age range seen in an NHS cognitive disorder clinic?

Methods: As part of the routine diagnostic investigation of 111 clinic patients who had contemporaneous blood and CSF samples taken, patients were categorised into Aβ+ and Aβ- groups based on their CSF in an Aβ42/40 ratio. We then evaluated four single molecule array (Simoa) Quanterix assays, quantifying single plasma analytes and ratios (p-tau217, p-tau217/Aβ42 ratio, p-tau181, p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio and Aβ42/40 ratio) in their ability to distinguish between these groups and the effect of age.

Results: The median (range) age of participants was 66 (55-79) years with 48 females (43.

Tubulin glutamylation regulates axon guidance via the selective tuning of microtubule-severing enzymes.

The microtubule cytoskeleton is a major driving force of neuronal circuit development. Fine-tuned remodelling of this network by selective activation of microtubule-regulating proteins, including microtubule-severing enzymes, has emerged as a central process in neuronal wiring. Tubulin posttranslational modifications control both microtubule properties and the activities of their interacting proteins.

Vascular dysfunction is at the onset of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms in mice.

Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is an adverse side effect of this chemotherapy used for gastrointestinal cancers. The continuous pain experienced by OIPN patients often results in the reduction or discontinuation of chemotherapy, thereby affecting patient survival. Several pathogenic mechanisms involving sensory neurons were shown to participate in the occurrence of OIPN symptoms.

Hippocampal neurogenesis in adult primates: a systematic review.

It had long been considered that no new neurons are generated in the primate brain beyond birth, but recent studies have indicated that neurogenesis persists in various locations throughout the lifespan. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is of particular interest due to the postulated role played by neurogenesis in memory. However, studies investigating the presence of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) have reported contradictory findings, and no systematic review of the evidence has been conducted to date.

Challenges in a Biological Definition of Alzheimer Disease.

It has been suggested that the diagnostic landscape of Alzheimer disease (AD) is undergoing a profound transformation, marked by a shift toward a biomarker-based approach, as proposed by the Revised Criteria for Diagnosis and Staging of Alzheimer's Disease. These criteria advocate for diagnosing AD solely on biomarkers, without requiring clinical symptoms. This article explores the drivers behind this transition, primarily influenced by the Food and Drug Administration's approval of amyloid-lowering treatments.

Integration of transcription regulation and functional genomic data reveals lncRNA SNHG6's role in hematopoietic differentiation and leukemia.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal players in cellular processes, and their unique cell-type specific expression patterns render them attractive biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Yet, the functional roles of most lncRNAs remain enigmatic. To address the need to identify new druggable lncRNAs, we developed a comprehensive approach integrating transcription factor binding data with other genetic features to generate a machine learning model, which we have called INFLAMeR (Identifying Novel Functional LncRNAs with Advanced Machine Learning Resources).

Advancing Diagnostic Certainty in Alzheimer's Disease: A Synthesis of the Diagnostic Process.

Changes in diagnostic certainty can be evaluated by assessing the impact of a diagnostic test in driving decision making. Diagnostic tests can be appraised using validated measures of accuracy, i.e.

Acceptability and feasibility of plasma phosphorylated-tau181 in two memory services.

Background: Plasma phosphorylated-tau181 (p-tau181) represents a novel blood-based biomarker of Alzheimer's disease pathology. We explored clinicians' experience of the utility of plasma p-tau181 in Camden and Islington Memory Services.

Methods: Patients were identified by their clinician as appropriate for p-tau181.

Clinical utility of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the evaluation of cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The analytical and clinical validity of cerebrospinal (CSF) biomarkers has been extensively researched in dementia. Further work is needed to assess the ability of these biomarkers to improve diagnosis, management and health outcomes in the clinical setting OBJECTIVES: To assess the added value and clinical utility of CSF biomarkers in the diagnostic assessment of cognitively impaired patients under evaluation for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Systematic literature searches of Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science research databases were conducted on 17 December 2022.

In Vivo Live Imaging of Axonal Transport in Developing Zebrafish Axons.

Axonal transport is crucial for neuronal homeostasis, survival, and development. Indeed, axonal transport needs to be precisely regulated for developing axons to swiftly and accurately respond to their complex and evolving environment in space and time. A growing number of studies have started to unravel the diversity of regulatory and adaptor proteins required to orchestrate the axonal transport machinery.

Role of Electrical Stimulation in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Systematic Review.

Unlabelled: Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is often suboptimal despite the intrinsic permissive growth environment of the peripheral nervous system. The objective of this systematic review is to explore the use of electrical stimulation (ES) for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted from inception to March 2, 2021 to retrieve articles on ES for peripheral nerve regeneration using the PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase databases.

Practical application of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative plasma P-tau181 reference data to support diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: To assess plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitively impaired non-AD participants (CI non-AD) and Control participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset that could potentially act as reference data for clinic diagnoses of AD.

Methods: Data from 1558 participants (649 AD participants, 445 CI non-AD participants and 464 controls) were examined, comparing p-tau181 levels between Controls, AD and other dementias, stratified by age.

Results: There were significant differences in plasma p-tau181 values between Controls and those with AD at all ages up to 85 years.

CRISPR-Based Approaches for the High-Throughput Characterization of Long Non-Coding RNAs.

Over the last decade, tens of thousands of new long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in the human genome. Nevertheless, except for a handful of genes, the genetic characteristics and functions of most of these lncRNAs remain elusive; this is partially due to their relatively low expression, high tissue specificity, and low conservation across species. A major limitation for determining the function of lncRNAs was the lack of methodologies suitable for studying these genes.

Direct-to-Implant Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction: Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Background: Direct-to-implant prepectoral breast reconstruction has recently experienced a resurgence in popularity because of its lower levels of postoperative pain and animation deformity. BREAST-Q, a well-validated patient-reported outcomes tool, was used to assess patient satisfaction and quality of life. The goal of this study was to assess patient-reported outcomes at 6-month and 1-year follow-up after direct-to-implant prepectoral breast reconstruction.

Trapezoidal fractures: Overview and introduction of a novel diagnostic classification system.

Introduction: Trapezoidal fractures account for only 0.4% of all carpal bone fractures. Owing to their rarity, there is paucity in the literature regarding the clinical findings and treatment.

The Role of Resident-Run Clinics for Aesthetic Surgery Training in the Context of Competency-based Plastic Surgery Education.

Resident-run clinics (RRCs) have been suggested as a clinical teaching tool to improve resident exposure in aesthetic plastic surgery education. In exchange for reduced cost aesthetic services, RRCs offer trainees the opportunity to assess, plan, execute, and follow surgical procedures in an independent yet supervised manner. With the transition into a competency-based medical education model involving a switch away from a time-based into a milestones-based model, the role of RRCs, within the context of the evolving plastic surgery curriculum has yet to be determined.

FIGNL1 associates with KIF1Bβ and BICD1 to restrict dynein transport velocity during axon navigation.

Neuronal connectivity relies on molecular motor-based axonal transport of diverse cargoes. Yet the precise players and regulatory mechanisms orchestrating such trafficking events remain largely unknown. We here report the ATPase Fignl1 as a novel regulator of bidirectional transport during axon navigation.

Surgical Fixation of Metacarpal Shaft Fractures Using Absorbable Implants: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Despite the proven efficacy and advantages of absorbable implants, their use for metacarpal shaft fixation has been limited. This is likely due to the high reported complication rates in early studies with polyglycolic acid (PGA) implants, notably high rates of noninfectious inflammatory reaction (5%-25%), occurring up to 30 weeks after fixation. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes of newer absorbable plates and screws in the treatment of metacarpal shaft fractures.

BMP- and neuropilin 1-mediated motor axon navigation relies on spastin alternative translation.

Functional analyses of genes responsible for neurodegenerative disorders have unveiled crucial links between neurodegenerative processes and key developmental signalling pathways. Mutations in -encoding spastin cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Spastin is involved in diverse cellular processes that couple microtubule severing to membrane remodelling.

Scaphoid Cysts: Literature Review of Etiology, Treatment, and Prognosis.

Cystic lesions of the carpal bones are rare entities that are infrequently reported in the literature. Scaphoid intraosseous cystic lesions represent a rare subset of carpal bone cysts. This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the evaluation and treatment of scaphoid cystic lesions to help guide clinical management.