Bleaching: the initial treatment consideration for tetracycline-stained teeth.

Tray tooth bleaching involves the use of carbamide peroxide in a custom-fitted tray to bleach teeth. One of the most difficult stains to bleach is tetracycline. This paper will present several different patient situations of tetracycline-stained teeth being bleached and will discuss the benefits and limitations of bleaching tetracycline-stained teeth.

Tray bleaching status and insights.

Objective: To provide an update on tray bleaching for various tooth discoloration conditions, including a complete examination form as well as an information and consent form.

Clinical Considerations: Since the bleaching process was first documented in 1989, it has become a safe, successful, and conservative treatment for consistently whitening the color of patients' natural teeth. Though initially used on a limited basis, the process has expanded to include bleaching nicotine and tetracycline stains, single dark teeth, brown spots, reducing white spots, caries control as well as color change from aging.

Teeth Bleaching Efficacy During Clear Aligner Orthodontic Treatment.

Clear aligner treatment has become popular for many orthodontic cases that ordinarily would have required traditional orthodontic brackets and wires. One of the motivating reasons for patients to use clear aligner therapy is to improve their esthetic appearance, which typically is the same motivation for teeth bleaching, thus a combination of the two treatments may be desirable. The case report presented demonstrates bleaching concurrent with clear aligner (Invisalign®) treatment.

Compromised angiogenesis and vascular Integrity in impaired diabetic wound healing.

Vascular deficits are a fundamental contributing factor of diabetes-associated diseases. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the pro-angiogenic phase of wound healing is blunted in diabetes, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that regulate skin revascularization and capillary stabilization in diabetic wounds is lacking. Using a mouse model of diabetic wound healing, we performed microCT analysis of the 3-dimensional architecture of the capillary bed.

Bleaching update and the future impact on prosthodontics.

Bleaching has changed the way the world looks at teeth, with lighter teeth becoming the norm due to the ease and simplicity of tray bleaching. The resultant lighter teeth have changed prosthodontics in that there is less need for some types of restoration, less aggressive preparation design, as well as new techniques for shade selection, caries control and managing gingival health.

Tooth whitening for the under-18-year-old patient.

Following changes in the EU regulations, it became legal for bleaching to be undertaken by dentists and their trained team. However, restrictions remained on bleaching for patients under the age of 18. A revised position statement by the General Dental Council (GDC) determined that bleaching could be undertaken on these patients if it was wholly for the purpose of treating or preventing disease.

Strategies to Avoid Underdiagnosing Pit-and-Fissure Caries.

Traditionally, testing for whether pit-and-fissure caries should be restored involved probing with a sharp explorer and evaluating resistance to withdrawal (ie, "stick"). Alternative visual methods of evaluation and classification have been proposed, validated, and accepted formally in the core curriculum on caries management in both Europe and North America. This article examines the resistance to occlusal breakdown of fluoridehardened enamel despite progression of underlying dentin caries with accompanying difficulty in diagnosis.

Tooth bleaching questions answered.

Tooth bleaching is an exciting treatment option for patients, which has many treatment options and considerations for the dentist. The purpose of this article is to answer questions in a Q&A fashion about different types of tooth bleaching and their applications to various clinical situations and patients' dental situations.

Relieving Dry Mouth: Varying Levels of pH Found in Bottled Water.

It is estimated that 30% of people older than 60 years suffer from hyposalivation or dry mouth. Drinking water frequently has been recommended as a safe, non-pharmacologic way to combat hyposalivation. The saliva in patients with dry mouth is acidic.

Effect of Short-Duration, Localized Carbamide Peroxide Application to Remove Enamel Staining on Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Enamel.

Unlabelled: Objective Peripheral enamel staining is often noticed after removal of long-term veneer or crown provisional restorations. Application of carbamide peroxide (CP) easily removes the stain, but the potential for immediate bonding with a resin-based cement is questionable. This project tested the short-term, shear bond strength of a commercial, photo-curable, resin cement to bovine enamel after application of a 10% concentration of CP placed for different exposure times.

The Validity of Using E4D Compare's "% Comparison" to Assess Crown Preparations in Preclinical Dental Education.

When a dental school is deciding which technology to introduce into a curriculum, it is important to identify the educational goals for the system. The authors' primary goal for the use of a computer-aided resource was to offer students another way to assess their performance, to enhance their learning, and to potentially decrease their learning curve in the preclinical environment prior to using the technique in clinical patient care. The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the "% Comparison" numbers derived from the E4D Compare software program.

Film thickness of crown disclosing material and its relevance to cementation.

Statement Of Problem: Regardless of the type of indirect restoration being fabricated, optimizing fit at cementation is a challenge. Several disclosing agents have been recommended to identify intaglio surface contacts that may result in incomplete seating and poorly adapted margins. The International Organization for Standardization has established a standard of 25 μm for the maximum film thickness for water-based cements.

A quadrant tray and bite registration as an alternative to dual-arch impressions for fixed prosthetics: a clinical and dental laboratory technique.

To perform fixed prosthodontic procedures, dentists take a full-arch or quadrant impression and articulate the casts. The dual-arch impression technique is a popular quadrant technique for crown fabrication. The technique described in this article, which uses a quadrant impression and separate interocclusal record, offers several advantages over the traditional dual-arch method.

Use of tray-applied 10 percent carbamide peroxide gels for improving oral health in patients with special-care needs.

Background: Plaque accumulation and resulting caries or periodontal disease is a frequent problem in patients with special-care needs. Tray-applied 10 percent carbamide peroxide (CP) is a tooth-bleaching agent that has positive effects on plaque, gingival health and caries.

Methods: The authors review the antibacterial properties of CP and the effects of CP on saliva, plaque, caries and gingival health.

Method for immediate fabrication of an occlusal device.

This article describes a method of in-office fabrication of an occlusal device for treatment of bruxism patients seeking a less costly alternative to laboratory-processed splints. This technique eliminates the need for mounted casts and the expense and delay associated with commercial laboratory involvement. It also minimizes patient and operator exposure to acrylic resin monomer and high temperatures associated with its polymerization reaction by use of a light-polymerized blue urethane dimethacrylate resin.

Student accuracy and evaluation of a computer-based audience response system.

We have incorporated an audience response system into our curriculum to increase student interaction in the teaching process. Classroom Performance System (CPS) is a computer-based audience response system that allows students to answer questions posed to the entire class by entering responses on a keypad. The responses are tallied and displayed on the classroom screen for all students to see.

Treating sensitivity during tooth whitening.

The most common side effect of tooth whitening is tooth sensitivity. There are a number of materials and techniques for reducing sensitivity. This article focuses on potassium nitrate applied either by brushing before initiating whitening or by application via a tray during whitening to reduce sensitivity.

Number of in-office light-activated bleaching treatments needed to achieve patient satisfaction.

Objective: In-office bleaching has become very popular for patients desiring immediate results. This report discusses the efficacy of in-office bleaching using high-intensity xenon halogen tungsten light on 73 patients in a private practice over 6 months.

Method And Materials: Thirty-five percent hydrogen peroxide gel was applied to the tooth surfaces, and then both arches were illuminated with the LumaArch unit light for 8 minutes.

Brushing with a potassium nitrate dentifrice to reduce bleaching sensitivity.

Objective: This research systematically evaluated the use of a clinically proven desensitizing dentifrice prior to a bleaching regimen in a randomized, multi-center, parallel group, open label clinical study following Good Clinical Practice guidelines.

Methodology: Fourteen dental offices in West Palm Beach, Florida participated in the study during April/May 2004. Fourteen days prior to bleaching, impressions and oral soft tissue assessments were performed, and patients were randomized to either a KNO3 plus fluoride dentifrice (Sensodyne Fresh Mint), or a standard fluoride dentifrice (Crest Regular), brushing 2x per day.

Phloem long-distance trafficking of GIBBERELLIC ACID-INSENSITIVE RNA regulates leaf development.

The phloem translocation stream contains a population of RNA molecules, suggesting plants use RNA to integrate developmental processes, at the whole-plant level. In the present study, we analyzed the role of long-distance trafficking in the delivery of transcripts from two members of the GRAS family, namely CmGAIP and GAI. These two homologs were chosen because of their involvement as transcriptional regulators in GA signaling.

A systemic small RNA signaling system in plants.

Systemic translocation of RNA exerts non-cell-autonomous control over plant development and defense. Long-distance delivery of mRNA has been proven, but transport of small interfering RNA and microRNA remains to be demonstrated. Analyses performed on phloem sap collected from a range of plants identified populations of small RNA species.