Early and late assessment of renal allograft dysfunction using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI): a prospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of the Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) and monoexponentially ADC in renal allograft function in the early and late phases of transplantation, and to predict their effectiveness in discrimination of the graft pathology.

Methods: This is a prospective study included participants scanned with quantitative diffusion and perfusion sequences on a 3-T MR scanner (Philips, Ingenia); the ADC and IVIM parameters; were calculated. Correlations and regression analysis with the eGFR, transplantation periods, and pathology were assessed.

Interreader Variability of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 in Detecting and Assessing Prostate Cancer Lesions at Prostate MRI.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate agreement among radiologists in detecting and assessing prostate cancer at multiparametric MRI using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2). Treatment-naïve patients underwent 3-T multipara-metric MRI between April 2012 and June 2015. Among the 163 patients evaluated, 110 underwent prostatectomy after MRI and 53 had normal MRI findings and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy results.

Intra- and interreader reproducibility of PI-RADSv2: A multireader study.

Background: The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) has been in use since 2015; while interreader reproducibility has been studied, there has been a paucity of studies investigating the intrareader reproducibility of PI-RADSv2.

Purpose: To evaluate both intra- and interreader reproducibility of PI-RADSv2 in the assessment of intraprostatic lesions using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

Study Type: Retrospective.

Computer-aided diagnosis prior to conventional interpretation of prostate mpMRI: an international multi-reader study.

Objectives: To evaluate if computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) prior to prostate multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) can improve sensitivity and agreement between radiologists.

Methods: Nine radiologists (three each high, intermediate, low experience) from eight institutions participated. A total of 163 patients with 3-T mpMRI from 4/2012 to 6/2015 were included: 110 cancer patients with prostatectomy after mpMRI, 53 patients with no lesions on mpMRI and negative TRUS-guided biopsy.

All over the map: An interobserver agreement study of tumor location based on the PI-RADSv2 sector map.

Background: Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADSv2) recommends a sector map for reporting findings of prostate cancer mulitparametric MRI (mpMRI). Anecdotally, radiologists may demonstrate inconsistent reproducibility with this map.

Purpose: To evaluate interobserver agreement in defining prostate tumor location on mpMRI using the PI-RADSv2 sector map.

Multiparametric MRI for the detection of local recurrence of prostate cancer in the setting of biochemical recurrence after low dose rate brachytherapy.

Purpose: Prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has utility in detecting post-radiotherapy local recurrence. We conducted a multireader study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of mpMRI for local recurrence after low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy.

Methods: A total of 19 patients with biochemical recurrence after LDR brachytherapy underwent 3T endorectal coil mpMRI with T2-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with pathologic confirmation.

Validation of the Dominant Sequence Paradigm and Role of Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Imaging in PI-RADS Version 2.

Purpose To validate the dominant pulse sequence paradigm and limited role of dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 for prostate multiparametric MR imaging by using data from a multireader study. Materials and Methods This HIPAA-compliant retrospective interpretation of prospectively acquired data was approved by the local ethics committee. Patients were treatment-naïve with endorectal coil 3-T multiparametric MR imaging.

Whole prostate volume and shape changes with the use of an inflatable and flexible endorectal coil.

Purpose. To determine to what extent an inflatable endorectal coil (ERC) affects whole prostate (WP) volume and shape during prostate MRI. Materials and Methods.

Cysts of the lower male genitourinary tract: embryologic and anatomic considerations and differential diagnosis.

Cysts of the lower male genitourinary tract are uncommon and usually benign. These cysts have different anatomic origins and may be associated with a variety of genitourinary abnormalities and symptoms. Various complications may be associated with these cysts, such as urinary tract infection, pain, postvoiding incontinence, recurrent epididymitis, prostatitis, and hematospermia, and they may cause infertility.

Functional and molecular imaging of localized and recurrent prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among American men. Imaging of localized and recurrent prostate cancer is challenging since conventional imaging techniques are limited. New imaging techniques such as multiparametric MRI and PET with targeted tracers have been investigated extensively in the last decade.

Clinically insignificant residual fragments: an acceptable term in the computed tomography era?

Objective: To assess the clinical relevance of small, asymptomatic, noninfection residual stone fragments (≤5 mm) after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), evaluated using spiral noncontrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT).

Materials And Methods: The present retrospective study included 75 patients who underwent PNL and were proved to have a single residual caliceal stone ≤5 mm as evaluated postoperatively by NCCT. All patients were free of urinary tract infections.

Genitourinary schistosomiasis: life cycle and radiologic-pathologic findings.

Genitourinary schistosomiasis is produced by Schistosoma haematobium, a species of fluke that is endemic to Africa and the Middle East, and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in those regions. It also may be seen elsewhere, as a result of travel or immigration. S haematobium, one of the five fluke species that account for most human cases of schistosomiasis, is the only species that infects the genitourinary system, where it may lead to a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and signs.

Quantitative enhancement washout analysis of solid cortical renal masses using multidetector computed tomography.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to prospectively assess the utility of quantitative enhancement washout method in the differentiation of benign solid renal masses from various subtypes of malignant masses using multidetector computed tomography.

Methods: In a prospective investigation from January 2009 to May 2010, 97 patients with solid renal masses underwent CT scan examination with unenhanced, arterial, parenchymal, and delayed phases. The following features were analyzed: the maximum attenuation value in each phase, attenuation difference (enhancement) of the mass in each phase from the unenhanced phase (ΔH), and parenchymal and delayed phases' washout.