Nitrate, Nitrite, and Iodine Concentrations in Commercial Edible Algae: An Observational Study.

Edible algae are a natural source of nutrients, including iodine, and can also contain nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO) and nitrite (NO) as they can fix nitrogen from seawater. This study aimed to analyse the NO, NO, and iodine concentrations in eighteen macroalgae and five microalgae species commercially available in the United Kingdom. NO and NO concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and iodine was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

RECOVER identifies synergistic drug combinations in vitro through sequential model optimization.

For large libraries of small molecules, exhaustive combinatorial chemical screens become infeasible to perform when considering a range of disease models, assay conditions, and dose ranges. Deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art results in silico for the prediction of synergy scores. However, databases of drug combinations are biased toward synergistic agents and results do not generalize out of distribution.

Pathogenic and Saprophytic Growth Rates of f. sp. Interact to Affect Variation in Inoculum Density and Interannual Infection Risk.

Fusarium wilt of cotton caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen f. sp. race 4 (FOV4) is a contemporary epidemic affecting cotton production in Far West Texas.

Utilizing graph machine learning within drug discovery and development.

Graph machine learning (GML) is receiving growing interest within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries for its ability to model biomolecular structures, the functional relationships between them, and integrate multi-omic datasets - amongst other data types. Herein, we present a multidisciplinary academic-industrial review of the topic within the context of drug discovery and development. After introducing key terms and modelling approaches, we move chronologically through the drug development pipeline to identify and summarize work incorporating: target identification, design of small molecules and biologics, and drug repurposing.

Feasibility of Remote Occupational Therapy Services via Telemedicine in a Breast Cancer Recovery Program.

Importance: Access to perioperative breast surgery occupational therapy services remains limited in remote areas.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and acceptance of occupational therapy services using a "hub-and-spoke" telemedicine model.

Design: Prospective study using videoconferencing to connect the occupational therapist, located at the hub site, with the patient, located at the spoke site.

Analysis of facial morphology of UK and US general election candidates: Does the 'power face' exist?

Aims: To determine the frequency of recognised morphologic facial phenotypes among the UK and US election candidates and to assess whether there is a relationship between facial morphology and success in general elections.

Methods: Facial morphology analysis of prime ministerial and presidential candidates in the UK and US elections was performed. Direct facial measurements were made from frontal images and facial morphological indices calculated for all candidates.

Preparing Cancer Patients and Family Caregivers for Lung Surgery: Development of a Multimedia Self-Management Intervention.

The surgical treatment of lung malignancies often results in persistent symptoms, psychosocial distress, and decrements in quality of life (QOL) for cancer patients and their family caregivers (FCGs). The potential benefits of providing patients and FCGs with preparatory education that begins in the preoperative setting have been explored in multiple medical conditions, with positive impact observed on postoperative recovery, psychological distress, and QOL. However, few studies have explored the benefits of preparatory educational interventions to promote self-management in cancer surgery, including lung surgery.

Head and neck cancer surgery provision in England: A current analysis of contributing specialties caseloads.

To ascertain the current provision for surgery for head and neck cancer in England with respect to the operative caseloads of oral and maxillofacial, ear nose and throat (ENT) and plastic surgeons, we analysed data from the 2013 report of the National Head and Neck Audit (DAHNO). Clinicians were grouped by specialty of affiliation and assigned surgical caseloads were compared. There was a wide disparity in the extent of surgical activity between the specialties (p<0.

Assault-related facial injuries during the season of goodwill.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess if the "season of goodwill," over the 12 days of Christmas, manifests in a reduction in the rate of maxillofacial injuries secondary to interpersonal violence.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective analysis at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. We identified consecutive patients presenting at our institution with facial injuries secondary to assault during the Christmas season, together with corresponding Easter time and control periods.

Improving the quality of discharge summaries: implementing updated Academy of Medical Royal Colleges standards at a district general hospital.

Quality of documentation is harder to quantify and incentivise, but it has a significant impact on patient care. Good discharge summaries facilitate continuity between secondary and primary care. The junior doctors' forum led this project to improve the quality of electronic discharge summaries (eDS).

Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Palliative Care for the Lung Cancer Patient.

Pulmonary rehabilitation, as a quality of life intervention, has a role to play in palliative care for lung cancer patients. Combining the art and skills of clinical care, physiological, and behavioral tools, pulmonary rehabilitation can serve to rebuild the functional capacity of patients limited by breathlessness and deconditioning. Exercise programs are the primary tool used to restore and rebuild the patient's endurance by challenging the entire pathway of oxygen transport and improving gas exchange.

Long-Term Effect of an Interdisciplinary Supportive Care Intervention for Lung Cancer Survivors After Surgical Procedures.

Background: Surgical procedures provide the best chance for cure and long-term survival in non-small cell cancer (NSCLC). Persistent symptoms after surgical procedures are common, and they can negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term effect of an interdisciplinary supportive care intervention to improve HRQOL, psychological distress, and symptoms in lung cancer survivors who were treated surgically.

External carotid artery pseudoaneurysm following microvascular free flap reconstruction. The role of endovascular thrombin injection in embolization: a case report and review.

Pseudoaneurysm at the anastomosis of the free flap following ablative head and neck surgery is uncommon. We present a case of external carotid artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient who had previously undergone a subtotal glossectomy, neck dissection, and radial forearm free flap reconstruction. The traditional treatment for pseudoaneurysm has been open surgical repair.

How often does the operating list follow the planned order? An analysis of elective maxillofacial operating lists.

Objectives: The authors explored consistency of the observed running order in operating sequence compared with prior scheduled listing. We analysed potential variables felt to be predictive in the chances of a patient having their procedure as previously scheduled.

Methods: Data were retrospectively collected for a consecutive group of patients who underwent elective maxillofacial procedures over a four week period.

Increasing genotype-phenotype model determinism: application to bivariate reading/language traits and epistatic interactions in language-impaired families.

While advances in network and pathway analysis have flourished in the era of genome-wide association analysis, understanding the genetic mechanism of individual loci on phenotypes is still readily accomplished using genetic modeling approaches. Here, we demonstrate two novel genotype-phenotype models implemented in a flexible genetic modeling platform. The examples come from analysis of families with specific language impairment (SLI), a failure to develop normal language without explanatory factors such as low IQ or inadequate environment.

The use of the pectoralis major flap for advanced and recurrent head and neck malignancy in the medically compromised patient.

A retrospective review of seventy-one PPM flaps used between 1996 and 2010 primarily for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma presenting as either advanced stage IV primary disease (41/43), extensive recurrent (10) or metastatic (9) neck disease. The PPM flap was most commonly used following resection of the mandible (23) or the tongue/oropharynx (19). When the PPM flap was the preferred reconstruction option (54) the main indication, in addition to advanced disease, was significant medical co-morbidity (23).

Identification of a schizophrenia-associated functional noncoding variant in NOS1AP.

Objective: The authors previously demonstrated significant association between markers within NOS1AP and schizophrenia in a set of Canadian families of European descent, as well as significantly increased expression in schizophrenia of NOS1AP in unrelated postmortem samples from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In this study the authors sought to apply novel statistical methods and conduct additional biological experiments to isolate at least one risk allele within NOS1AP.

Method: Using the posterior probability of linkage disequilibrium (PPLD) to measure the probability that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is in linkage disequilibrium with schizophrenia, the authors evaluated 60 SNPs from NOS1AP in 24 Canadian families demonstrating linkage and association to this region.

Can magnetic resonance imaging replace single photon computed tomography and computed tomography in detecting bony invasion in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma?

Aim: To determine whether MRI can replace SPECT and CT in detecting bone invasion in patients with oral SCC.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective and independent review of the MRI, SPECT, and when available CT, images of 23 patients with oral malignancy who had formal bone resection was undertaken. Our gold standard was histopathology.

Plasminogen activator system in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The plasminogen activator system consists of two plasminogen activators, urokinase (uPA) and tissue (tPA); PA inhibitors (PAI-1, and -2), and a cell surface receptor for uPA (uPAR). The plasminogen activator system is involved at many stages of the metastatic cascade, including matrix remodelling, cell proliferation, and migration.

Aims: To compare tissue concentrations of the components of the plasminogen activator system in paired tumour tissue and normal tissue in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and to correlate these with the histopathological grading of the tumour.

The matrix metalloproteinase system in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system is responsible for degradation of tissue in both normal and pathological processes, including tumour invasion and metastasis.

Aim: To compare tissue concentrations of components of the MMP system between tumour tissue and normal tissue in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and to correlate concentrations with pathological grade of tumour.

Methods: Thirty-eight paired tissue samples from tumours and normal tissue were analysed by three laboratory techniques: firstly, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in ng/mg protein for MMP-1, MMP-3, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1 and -2.

Recovery of sensation in the skin of non-innervated radial flaps after subfascial and suprafascial dissection.

We compared the extent of recovery of sensation in 40 non-innervated radial free flaps, 20 of which had been raised subfascially and 20 suprafascially. We found no significant difference in sensory recovery between the two groups. The mean extent of sensory recovery was light touch (68%); sharp touch (84%); warm (29%) and cold (40%) temperature; and static (25%) and moving (31%) two-point discrimination.