Evaluation and follow-up of patients diagnosed with hypophysitis: a cohort study.

Objective: Primary hypophysitis might be challenging to diagnose, and there is a lack of evidence regarding optimal treatment strategies due to rarity of the disease. We aim to investigate the clinical features and compare the outcomes of different management strategies of primary hypophysitis in a large group of patients recruited on a nationwide basis.

Design: A retrospective observational study.

Cushing's syndrome screening with the 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes.

Background: The ongoing debate regarding the need for screening Cushing's syndrome (CS) in patients with obesity continues. The objectives of this study were to establish the prevalence of CS in the population with obesity and assess how metabolic health status influences cortisol levels following the 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST).

Methods: This retrospective study included 1008 patients with obesity who underwent screening with the 1 mg DST for CS.

Evaluation of the Malignancy Risk in Nodules Expanding the Thyroid Gland Capsule.

There has been an increase in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules in recent years. In addition to the well-known criteria, features that are likely to increase the risk of malignancy are in the research process. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the malignant potential of nodules that expand the thyroid capsule ultrasonographically.

Impact of 24-week dapagliflozin treatment on body weight, body composition, and cardiac risk indicators of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Background/aim: To reveal the impacts of dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i), on body weight and body composition, cardiovascular risk indices, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).

Materials And Methods: The data of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who applied to Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders between September 2019 and 2020, and had started dapagliflozin treatment along with their current medications were recorded retrospectively. Body weights, body compositions measured through bioelectrical impedance, and CIMT with T2DM receiving SGLT-2i treatment and medication were measured at weeks 1, 12, and 24 of 42.

The prevalence and associated risk factors of detectable renal morphological abnormalities in acromegaly.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of simple renal cysts (SRCs) and kidney stone disease (KSD) together with laboratory data in patients with acromegaly through comparisons with healthy subjects, and to examine the possible risk factors associated with these abnormalities in acromegaly.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 125 acromegaly patients (46.4 ± 11.

Hypomagnesemia may be associated with symptomatic disease in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Aim: Magnesium (Mg) homeostasis is closely related to calcium (Ca) metabolism. Hypercalcemia inhibits the reabsorption of Mg from the kidneys, leading to hypomagnesemia. Therefore, patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are predisposed to hypomagnesemia.

Subacute THYROiditis Related to SARS-CoV-2 VAccine and Covid-19 (THYROVAC Study): A Multicenter Nationwide Study.

Context: The aims of the study are to compare characteristics of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) related to different etiologies, and to identify predictors of recurrence of SAT and incident hypothyroidism.

Methods: This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 53 endocrinology centers in Turkey. The study participants were divided into either COVID-19-related SAT (Cov-SAT), SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related SAT (Vac-SAT), or control SAT (Cont-SAT) groups.

The role of elastography in the assessment of thyroid nodules in acromegaly.

Background: Nodular thyroid disease is a frequent finding seen in patients with acromegaly. Ultrasound-elastography (US-E) appears to be a helpful tool for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. The aims of this study were to evaluate thyroid nodules in acromegaly and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of US-E in detecting thyroid cancer in this population.

Real-time detection of acromegaly from facial images with artificial intelligence.

Objective: Despite improvements in diagnostic methods, acromegaly is still a late-diagnosed disease. In this study, it was aimed to automatically recognize acromegaly disease from facial images by using deep learning methods and to facilitate the detection of the disease.

Design: Cross-sectional, single-centre study.

The visceral adiposity index, lipid accumulation product, and plasma atherogenic index are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly.

Background: Acromegaly is a rare chronic endocrine disorder, the active form of which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in acromegaly patients are important in terms of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine whether the visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and plasma atherogenic index (PAI) are early cardiovascular risk markers in patients with active acromegaly.

Paradoxical GH increase during oral glucose load may predict overall remission in acromegalic patients.

Background: The nadir growth hormone (nGH) during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the gold standard method for diagnosing acromegaly. A paradoxical growth hormone (GH) response to oral glucose (OG) in acromegaly can be observed. The role of the paradoxical GH response on how the patients with acromegaly respond to the treatment has been addressed in few studies.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, seasonal distribution, and characteristics of subacute thyroiditis.

Purpose: An increasing number of cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its vaccines continue to be published. The aim of this study was to investigate any change in the incidence and characteristics of SAT by comparing the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 432 newly-diagnosed SAT patients between January 2018 and December 2021.

Effect of thyroid nodule size on cytology reliability and incidence of malignancy: A large cohort of 1205 patients from a single center.

Objective: There is controversy about whether the rates of malignancy and of false-negative malignancy are greater in large nodules. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of cytology in ≥4cm nodules and to compare malignancy rates between ≥4cm and<4cm nodules.

Methods: The study included 1205 patients who underwent biopsy and subsequent thyroidectomy with the diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease between 2014 and 2019.

Evaluation of the diagnostic features and clinical course of COVID-19 vaccine-associated subacute thyroiditis.

Objective: This study aimed to identify cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-associated subacute thyroiditis (SAT) during the active vaccination period of the pandemic, analyze the characteristics of these cases, and compare them with cases of non-vaccine associated SAT diagnosed in the same period.

Methods: A total of 55 patients diagnosed with SAT in our outpatient clinic between February and October, 2021, were included in this retrospective single-center study.

Results: Of the study population, 16 (29.

Efficacy of cabergoline add-on therapy in patients with acromegaly resistance to somatostatin analogs treatment and the review of literature.

Objective: It is reported that adding cabergoline to somatostatin analog (SSA) normalizes IGF-1 levels approximately in one-third of patients with acromegaly. We investigated the effect of combination therapy and potential predictors of response in patients with acromegaly who do not respond to SSA therapy alone.

Methods: Fifty acromegaly patients (M/F 23/27, mean age 50.

Subacute thyroiditis paranchime heterogeneity may mask thyroid nodules and higher EU-TIRADS scores.

Purpose: Nonhomogenous and ill-defined hypoechoic areas are typical ultrasonographic features of subacute thyroiditis (SAT). Evaluating a thyroid nodule accurately in this heterogeneous paranchime may be troublesome. This study aims to compare thyroid nodules, their characteristics, and European Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data System (EU-TIRADS) categories at the time of the diagnosis and in the remission of SAT.

Relapsed and newly diagnosed Graves' disease due to immunization against COVID-19: A case series and review of the literature.

In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors such as viruses are thought to be triggers in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) such as Graves' disease (GD). In this context, AITD cases that may be associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or immunization have begun to be reported in increasing numbers. Although it is not clear by which pathogenetic mechanisms immunization against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggers the development of AITD, both the potential effect of the adjuvants in the vaccines and the cross-reactivity that can be generated by the molecular similarity of viral particles with mammalian proteins seem to be possible mechanisms.

Two cases of subacute thyroiditis after different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Although the development of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) following viral infections is well-documented, the actual mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. The occurrence of SAT after vaccination has been reported in several case series and possible mechanisms such as molecular mimicry due to the exposure to viral proteins and/or abnormal reactogenicity by adjuvants have been implicated. We describe two cases who developed SAT three days after the messenger RNA vaccine against COVID-19 (Pfizer-BioNTech®) and six days after the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac®).

The predictive value of hematologic parameters in the risk of thyroid malignancy in cases with atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance.

Background: Atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is still the most challenging category in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) in predicting malignancy in cases with AUS/FLUS nodules.

Methods: A total of 200 patients with AUS/FLUS nodules who underwent thyroidectomy were included in this study.

The evaluation of breast findings detected through different visualisation techniques in acromegaly patients — a retrospective study.

Background/aim: It is known that the increased growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have mitogenic and antiapoptotic properties in breast cells in acromegaly. Our study aims to evaluate breast findings in patients with acromegaly by comparing them to the control group.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-one patients followed with acromegaly diagnosis and 180 healthy controls were included in our study.

Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of unknown primary origin: a case report and literature review.

Background: In this article, we present a case of neuroendocrine neoplasm of unknown primary origin (UPO NEN), which is a rare cause of ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS) presenting numerous challenges, together with a literature review.

Case Report: A 43-year-old male patient presented with clinical features consistent with Cushing's syndrome (CS) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent hypercortisolemia. Despite a suspicious lesion on pituitary MRI, the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test and bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling results were not compatible with Cushing's disease.

Two Important Issues in Subacute Thyroiditis Management: Delayed Diagnosis and Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics.

Background: Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a rare inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland. It has been noticed that patients with a diagnosis of SAT visit more other clinics and receive antibiotics unnecessarily. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the degree of delay in the diagnosis of SAT, prediagnosis antibiotic use rates, and the awareness of clinics for the diagnosis of SAT.

The value of routine measurement of serum calcitonin on insufficient, indeterminate, and suspicious thyroid nodule cytology.

Routine calcitonin measurement in patients with nodular thyroid disease is rather controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of serum calcitonin measurement in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules with insufficient, indeterminate, or suspicious cytology. Out of 1668 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with the diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease and were screened, 873 patients with insufficient, indeterminate, or suspicious fine needle aspiration biopsy results were included in the study.