Construction and validation of a synthetic phage-displayed nanobody library.

Nanobodies derived from camelids and sharks offer unique advantages in therapeutic applications due to their ability to bind to epitopes that were previously inaccessible. Traditional methods of nanobody development face challenges such as ethical concerns and antigen toxicity. Our study presents a synthetic, phagedisplayed nanobody library using trinucleotide-directed mutagenesis technology, which allows precise amino acid composition in complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), with a focus on CDR3 diversity.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the crinoid (Crinoidea: Comatulida: Antedonidae).

Sladen, 1881, is a comatulid crinoid found in the Arctic deep sea. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of (Comatulida: Antedonidae). The complete mitogenome of was 15,916 bp long and comprised 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes.

Validation of Direct Boiling Method for Simple and Efficient Genomic DNA Extraction and PCR-based Macroalgal Species Determination.

A rapid, simple, and cost-effective total DNA extraction method referred to as a direct boiling method for PCR-based algal species determination was validated using representative species of green, brown, and red algae. Each sample was briefly minced in two buffers, Tris-EDTA (TE) or PCR buffer, and transferred to a heat block for boiling at 98°C for 5 min. No detergent was used in this experiment.

Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-capped silicon-nanoparticles.

Polymer-capped silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) were prepared using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a protection layer to minimize the surface oxidation of the surface. The wet synthetic procedure were performed at room temperature via a one-pot synthesis. The PVP capped Si-NPs were characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).