Emerging Trends and Future Opportunities for Battery Recycling.

The global lithium-ion battery recycling capacity needs to increase by a factor of 50 in the next decade to meet the projected adoption of electric vehicles. During this expansion of recycling capacity, it is unclear which technologies are most appropriate to reduce costs and environmental impacts. Here, we describe the current and future recycling capacity situation and summarize methods for quantifying costs and environmental impacts of battery recycling methods with a focus on cathode active materials.

Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies of Meniscus Root Tears: A Scoping Review.

Background: Meniscus root tears comprise 10% to 21% of all meniscal tears. These tears alter knee biomechanics, elevating contact pressure, akin to a meniscectomy. Consequently, they are linked to advanced joint degeneration and cartilage damage in the affected compartment.

Reversible right-sided congestive heart failure secondary to primary hyperaldosteronism in a cat.

A 10-year-old male castrated Somali cat presented with neurologic signs, severe systemic hypertension, and hypokalemia. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated a left adrenal mass, and the serum aldosterone concentration was increased. Computed tomography and follow-up diagnostic testing confirmed a left adrenal mass consistent with functional adenocarcinoma; additional findings included chronic airway and parenchymal disease.

Implementing Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring With Clinical Support: A Qualitative Study of Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Context: Self-measured blood pressure monitoring (SMBP) with clinical support is effective at reducing blood pressure for people with hypertension. Although strengths and challenges around SMBP are well-documented, few studies describe the complexities of real-world implementation of SMBP with clinical support in the Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) setting.

Program: Between 2019 and 2023, the Ohio Department of Health funded the Ohio Association of Community Health Centers to manage a multiyear quality improvement (QI) project with 21 FQHCs.

Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-Surface (REASON).

The Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface (REASON) is a dual-frequency ice-penetrating radar (9 and 60 MHz) onboard the Europa Clipper mission. REASON is designed to probe Europa from exosphere to subsurface ocean, contributing the third dimension to observations of this enigmatic world. The hypotheses REASON will test are that (1) the ice shell of Europa hosts liquid water, (2) the ice shell overlies an ocean and is subject to tidal flexing, and (3) the exosphere, near-surface, ice shell, and ocean participate in material exchange essential to the habitability of this moon.

An exploration of the relationship between active learning and student motivation in STEM: a mixed methods study.

Much of the research on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students' motivation measures the relationship between student motivation and academic outcomes, focusing on the student's mindset. Our mixed-methods research takes a different approach and considers the relationship between student motivation and instructional practices. Teaching practices and student motivation were analyzed simultaneously in undergraduate Biology classes using a self-determination theory-based survey to measure students' motivation during courses that were observed using the Classroom Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM (COPUS), and observation notes were collected to document instructor and student behaviors.

Mixing and matching ,- and ,-chelates in anionic Mg(I) compounds: synthesis and reactivity with RNCNR and CO.

Reduction of [Mg(NON)] ([NON] = [O(SiMeNDipp)], Dipp = 2,6-iPrCH) affords Mg(I) species containing NON- and NNO-ligands ([NNO] = [N(Dipp)SiMeN(Dipp)SiMeO]). The products of reactions with iPrNCNiPr and CO are consistent with the presence of reducing Mg(I) centres. Extraction with THF affords [K(THF)][(NNO)Mg-Mg(NNO)] with a structurally characterised Mg-Mg bond that was examined using density functional theory.

A chemical approach facilitates CRISPRa-only human iPSC generation and minimizes the number of targeted loci required.

We explored the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) solely through the transcriptional activation of endogenous genes by CRISPR activation (CRISPRa). Minimal number of human-specific guide RNAs targeting a limited set of loci were used with a unique cocktail of small molecules (CRISPRa-SM). iPSC clones were efficiently generated by CRISPRa-SM, expressed general and naive iPSC markers and clustered with high-quality iPSCs generated using conventional reprogramming methods.

Appropriateness of Use of Streptococcal Pharyngitis Testing and Associated Antibiotic Prescribing in the Urgent Care Setting.

The primary objective was to evaluate Group A streptococcal (GAS) tests performed with a Modified Centor Criteria (MCC) Score < 3 at Urgent Care Clinics (UCC). Secondary objectives included evaluating the MCC sensitivity and specificity, antibiotics prescribed with an MCC score < 3, and association between palatal petechiae and GAS pharyngitis infections. This was a retrospective review from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019, of Rapid Antigen Detection Tests (RADTs) on patients with ICD codes associated with pharyngitis.

Association Between Social Media Activity and Ratings on Physician Review Websites Among Orthopaedic Surgeons With an Active Online Media Presence.

Background: Social media has the potential to play a substantial role in the decision-making of patients when choosing a physician for care.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an association exists between physician social media activity and patient satisfaction ratings on physician review websites (PRWs) as well as number of reviews. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant association between physician social media utilization and patient satisfaction ratings.

Neutrophil Infiltration and Function in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Airspace Disease.

Neutrophils are an important cell type often considered the body's first responders to inflammatory insult or damage. They are recruited to the tissue of the lungs in patients with inflammatory airspace diseases and have unique and complex functions that range from helpful to harmful. The uniqueness of these functions is due to the heterogeneity of the inflammatory cascade and retention in the vasculature.

Universal pictures: A lithophane codex helps teenagers with blindness visualize nanoscopic systems.

People with blindness have limited access to the high-resolution graphical data and imagery of science. Here, a lithophane codex is reported. Its pages display tactile and optical readouts for universal visualization of data by persons with or without eyesight.

Intraperitoneal Haemorrhage Secondary to Rupture of Right Colic Artery Pseudoaneurysm: A Case Report and Literature Review.

This article presents the case of a 58-year-old woman who presented feeling unwell with pain in the right upper abdomen for three days. She had a history of splenic infarcts, was on lifelong warfarin and had recently returned from a trip to Gambia. She was admitted to the hospital under suspicion of sepsis of unknown origin, and a CT scan later revealed haemoperitoneum along with a pseudoaneurysm of the right colic artery.

Mechanotransduction via endothelial adhesion molecule CD31 initiates transmigration and reveals a role for VEGFR2 in diapedesis.

Engagement of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM, PECAM-1, CD31) on the leukocyte pseudopod with PECAM at the endothelial cell border initiates transendothelial migration (TEM, diapedesis). We show, using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), that physical traction on endothelial PECAM during TEM initiated the endothelial signaling pathway. In this role, endothelial PECAM acted as part of a mechanotransduction complex with VE-cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and this predicted that VEGFR2 was required for efficient TEM.

The FDA-approved compound, pramipexole and the clinical-stage investigational drug, dexpramipexole, reverse chronic allodynia from sciatic nerve damage in mice, and alter IL-1β and IL-10 expression from immune cell culture.

During the onset of neuropathic pain from a variety of etiologies, nociceptors become hypersensitized, releasing neurotransmitters and other factors from centrally-projecting nerve terminals within the dorsal spinal cord. Consequently, glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) in the spinal cord are activated and mediate the release of proinflammatory cytokines that act to enhance pain transmission and sensitize mechanical non-nociceptive fibers which ultimately results in light touch hypersensitivity, clinically observed as allodynia. Pramipexole, a D2/D3 preferring agonist, is FDA-approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and demonstrates efficacy in animal models of inflammatory pain.

Methods for Imaging Inflammation and Transendothelial Migration in Vivo and ex Vivo.

Inflammation is the body's response to injury and harmful stimuli and contributes to a range of infectious and noninfectious diseases. Inflammation occurs through a series of well-defined leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, including rolling, activation, adhesion, transmigration, and subsequent migration through the extracellular matrix. Being able to visualize the stages of inflammation is important for a better understanding of its role in diseases processes.

Using simple economic games to assess social orienting and prosocial behavior in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

Deficits in socio-emotional reciprocity, in prosocial behavior and in developing social relationships are diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), usually assessed by self-report or observation. Simple social experiments developed by behavioral economists allow for quantification of ASD-related social behavior. In this study, we used such experiments to compare social-economic decision-making between ASD adolescents and neurotypical controls.

Triple negative breast tumors contain heterogeneous cancer cells expressing distinct KRAS-dependent collective and disseminative invasion programs.

Inter-patient and intra-tumoral heterogeneity complicate the identification of predictive biomarkers and effective treatments for basal triple negative breast cancer (b-TNBC). Invasion is the initiating event in metastasis and can occur by both collective and single-cell mechanisms. We cultured primary organoids from a b-TNBC genetically engineered mouse model in 3D collagen gels to characterize their invasive behavior.

Evaluation of Prefrontal γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Levels in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Importance: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent illnesses worldwide. Perturbations of the major inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu), respectively, as well as Glx (Glu or glutamine [Gln]) have been extensively reported in a multitude of brain areas of individuals with depression, but few studies have examined changes in Gln, the metabolic counterpart of synaptic Glu.

Objective: To investigate changes in GABA, Glx, Glu, and Gln levels in a voxel in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of participants with no, past, and current MDD using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).

A mechanism for red coloration in vertebrates.

Red coloration is a salient feature of the natural world. Many vertebrates produce red color by converting dietary yellow carotenoids into red ketocarotenoids via an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that two enzymes, cytochrome P450 2J19 (CYP2J19) and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1-like (BDH1L), are sufficient to catalyze this conversion.

Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (PECAM/CD31) Blockade Modulates Neutrophil Recruitment Patterns and Reduces Infarct Size in Experimental Ischemic Stroke.

The infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) has been implicated as a critical component of inflammatory damage following ischemic stroke. However, successful blockade of PMN transendothelial migration (TEM) in preclinical studies has not translated to meaningful clinical outcomes. To investigate this further, leukocyte infiltration patterns were quantified, and these patterns were modulated by blocking platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM), a key regulator of TEM.

Lateral Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction With Semitendinosus Allograft in the Setting of Previous Lateral Release.

The lateral patellofemoral ligament acts to resist medial displacement of the patella. When medial subluxation occurs, it usually has an iatrogenic cause such as prior lateral release, an over-tightened medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, or detachment of the vastus lateralis from the patella. The justification for lateral retinacular release has historically been to address extensor mechanism issues such as imbalance of the mechanism due to increased retinacular tension.

Inhibition of PECAM-1 Significantly Delays Leukocyte Extravasation into the Subcortex Post-Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Current therapies for ischemic stroke focus on reperfusion but do not address the acute inflammatory response that results in significant reperfusion injury. To advance future therapies, a thorough understanding of the precise spatiotemporal underpinnings of leukocyte extravasation and infiltration is necessary. We describe the evolution of the inflammatory response in a mouse transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) stroke model at several time points after reperfusion and the modulation of this response with PECAM blockade.