A bit or a lot on the side? Observational study of the energy content of starters, sides and desserts in major UK restaurant chains.

Objectives: Our objective was to examine the kilocalorie (kcal) content of starters, sides and desserts served in major UK restaurant chains, comparing the kcal content of these dishes in fast-food and full-service restaurants.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: Menu and nutritional information provided online by major UK restaurant chains.

Implications of Bacteriuria in Myelomeningocele Patients at Time of Urodynamic Testing.

To identify those myelomeningocele (MMC) patients at risk for post-urodynamic study (UDS) complications. We hypothesized that patients who manage their bladder with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) would have a greater risk of post-instrumentation complications due to higher rates of bacteriuria compared to those who freely void (FV). Urine was collected from patients with MMC without augmentation cystoplasty undergoing routine renal ultrasound or urodynamic study (UDS).

Differentiating Asymptomatic Bacteriuria From Urinary Tract Infection in the Pediatric Neurogenic Bladder Population: NGAL As a Promising Biomarker.

To evaluate whether urinary antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can discriminate between asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infection (UTI) in pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder (NGB). Bladder urine was collected from pediatric patients (≤18 years old) with NGB without augmentation cystoplasty. Patients were divided into the following groups based on symptomatology and results of urinalysis/urine culture: (a) UTI, (b) ASB, and (c) sterile.

Land- versus water-walking interventions in older adults: Effects on body composition.

Objectives: Increasing physical activity is a priority worldwide, including for older adults who may have difficulty performing traditional forms of exercise, and for whom retention of muscle mass is an important consideration. Water-based exercise may provide an alternative if benefits are comparable. We compared the impact on body composition of 24-week water- versus land-walking interventions in healthy but inactive older adults.

Portion size normality and additional within-meal food intake: two crossover laboratory experiments.

Reducing food portion size could reduce energy intake. However, it is unclear at what point consumers respond to reductions by increasing intake of other foods. We predicted that a change in served portion size would only result in significant additional eating within the same meal if the resulting portion size was no longer visually perceived as 'normal'.

Metagenomic analysis reveals a rich bacterial content in high-risk prostate tumors from African men.

Background: Inflammation is a hallmark of prostate cancer (PCa), yet no pathogenic agent has been identified. Men from Africa are at increased risk for both aggressive prostate disease and infection. We hypothesize that pathogenic microbes may be contributing, at least in part, to high-risk PCa presentation within Africa and in turn the observed ethnic disparity.

Simulated Volume-Based Regionalization of Complex Procedures: Impact on Spatial Access to Care.

Objective: This study simulates the regionalization of pancreatectomies to assess its impact on spatial access in terms of patient driving times.

Background: Although policies to regionalize complex procedures to high-volume centers may improve outcomes, the impact on patient access is unknown.

Methods: Patients who underwent pancreatectomies from 2005 to 2014 were identified from California's statewide database.

p53 nuclear accumulation as an early indicator of lethal prostate cancer.

Background: After radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PC), p53 alterations predict biochemical relapse (BCR), however, recent evidence suggests that metastatic relapse (MR) not BCR is a surrogate for PC specific mortality (PCSM). This updated analysis of a previously published study investigated the association between p53 aberrations, MR and PCSM in men with localised PC.

Methods: Two hundred and seventy-one men with localised PC treated with RP were included.

Redefining shared decision-making in the digital era.

Perioperative shared decision-making can be improved through the development of novel patient-centered outcome measures made possible by digital phenotyping-"the moment-by-moment quantification of individual-level human phenotype in situ using data from personal digital devices, in particular smartphones." This Short Report presents data from a patient with breast cancer that illustrates the opportunities of digital phenotyping to better inform patient quality of life while also discussing the challenges to its adoption. With time, effort, and physician engagement, digital phenotyping can help surgeons better understand the patient experience in the postoperative period and in turn, help them provide care that maximizes patient quality of life.

RUBIC: An Untethered Soft Robot With Discrete Path Following.

Soft robots have the potential to diminish the need for humans to venture into unsuitable environments or work in extreme conditions. While their soft nature gives them the advantage of being adaptable to changing environments, their control can be challenging because of the compliance that makes them effective. In this paper we present RUBIC: the Rolling, Untethered, Ballooning, Intelligent Cube, that overcomes some of the difficulties of 2D control by constraining motion to a discretised Cartesian space.

Periodic Metallo-Dielectric Structures: Electromagnetic Absorption and its Related Developed Temperatures.

Multi-layer, metallo-dielectric structures (screens) have long been employed as electromagnetic band filters, either in transmission or in reflection modes. Here we study the radiation energy not transmitted or reflected by these structures (trapped radiation, which is denoted-absorption). The trapped radiation leads to hot surfaces.

Who are we testing? Self-selection bias in laboratory-based eating behaviour studies.

Research conducted in controlled laboratory settings plays an important role in understanding human eating behaviour. However, participant characteristics may affect motivation to participate in laboratory eating behaviour research and result in self-selection biases. First-year psychology students (n = 207, 90.

Decreasing Trends in Mean HbA Are Not Associated With Increasing Rates of Severe Hypoglycemia in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis of Two Contemporary Population-Based Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Registries From Australia and Germany/Austria Between 1995 and 2016.

Objective: To investigate temporal trends in glycemic control and severe hypoglycemia rates for pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes from 1995 to 2016 by analyzing data from the longitudinal, prospective, population-based German/Austrian (Diabetes Patient History Documentation [DPV]) and Western Australian (Western Australian Children's Diabetes Database [WACDD]) diabetes registries.

Research Design And Methods: Patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes aged <15 years were identified from the DPV ( = 59,883) and WACDD ( = 2,595) registries and data extracted for all clinic visits occurring between 1995 and 2016, inclusive. Mean HbA and severe hypoglycemia (self-reported loss of consciousness/convulsion) rates were calculated per 100 patient-years.

Hypothesis awareness as a demand characteristic in laboratory-based eating behaviour research: An experimental study.

Demand characteristics are thought to undermine the validity of psychological research, but the extent to which participant awareness of study hypotheses affects laboratory-measured eating behaviour studies has received limited attention. Participants (N = 84) attended two laboratory sessions in which food intake was measured. In session 1 baseline food intake was measured.

Evaluation of the Protective Ability of the Treponema pallidum subsp. Tp0126 OmpW Homolog in the Rabbit Model of Syphilis.

analyses of subsp. genomes and predicted proteomes to search for homologs of known bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs) led to the identification of as a gene encoding a putative member of the OmpW family of porins/virulence factors. Our previous investigations on the role of Tp0126 in biology and syphilis pathogenesis showed that Tp0126 is fully conserved among strains and that transcription of is driven by σ These initial results pointed to a housekeeping function for this protein.

Point of choice kilocalorie labelling in the UK eating out of home sector: a descriptive study of major chains.

Background: Eating out is now common and food served out of the home is often of low nutritional quality. Kilocalorie (kcal) labelling of food and drink products sold in restaurant chains in the US is now mandatory, although in store kcal labelling practices among major UK restaurant and takeaway chains have not been examined.

Methods: During August 2018, we contacted, visited the website and/or retail outlets of major eating out and takeaway food chains in the UK, including full-service and fast-food restaurants, cafes and coffee shops, some of which had previously made a voluntary pledge to provide kcal labelling.

The Swiss Narcolepsy Scale (SNS) and its short form (sSNS) for the discrimination of narcolepsy in patients with hypersomnolence: a cohort study based on the Bern Sleep-Wake Database.

Previous studies reported high sensitivity and specificity of the Swiss Narcolepsy Scale (SNS) for the diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1. We used data from the Bern Sleep-Wake Database to investigate the discriminating capacity of both the SNS and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to identify narcolepsy type 1 and type 2 in patients with central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH) or sleepy patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In addition, we aimed to develop a simplified version of the SNS.

Oncological and Quality-of-life Outcomes Following Focal Irreversible Electroporation as Primary Treatment for Localised Prostate Cancer: A Biopsy-monitored Prospective Cohort.

Background: Focal irreversible electroporation (IRE) can be used to treat men with localised prostate cancer (PCa) with reduced impact on quality of life (QoL).

Objective: To assess oncological and functional outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: To report on a prospective database of patients undergoing primary IRE between February 2013 and August 2018.