First Report of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus on Melon in the United States.

In July 2013, a melon (Cucumis melo var. Saski) field in Yolo County, California, was inspected as part of a phytosanitary inspection for seed production. The leaves of the plants showed mosaic, green mottle, and blotches.

Shared care for chronic eye diseases: perspectives of ophthalmologists, optometrists and patients.

Objective: To report the perspectives of optometrists, ophthalmologists and patients on a model of shared care for patients with chronic eye diseases.

Design, Setting And Participants: Qualitative study of a model of shared care between optometrists and ophthalmologists for patients with stable age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, trialled by the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital in Melbourne during 2007–2009. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with optometrists, ophthalmologists and patients at completion of the project to obtain their perspectives on this model.

Effects of thrombolytic agents on tympanostomy tubes occluded by blood clots.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of various topical applications in opening a clotted tympanostomy tube (TT) using an in vitro model.

Design: In vitro clinical trial.

Interventions: Fresh human blood was allowed to clot in the lumen of TTs.

Gaze behavior among experts and trainees during optic disc examination: does how we look affect what we see?

Purpose: The authors compared the visual gaze behaviors of glaucoma subspecialists with those of ophthalmology trainees during optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) examination.

Methods: Seven glaucoma subspecialists and 23 ophthalmology trainees participated in the project. Participants were shown eight glaucomatous optic disc images with varied morphology.

Visual impairment and eye care among Alaska Native people.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of visual impairment, eye disease and eye care in the Alaska Native (AN) population, by demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study of 3,793 AN adults aged 18-94 years enrolled in the Education and Research Towards Health (EARTH) Study from March 2004-March 2006. Data on self-reported visual impairment, cataract, glaucoma, diabetic eye disease and previous dilated eye examinations were collected using audio computer-assisted self-administered questionnaires.

Glaucoma and on-road driving performance.

Purpose: To investigate the on-road driving performance of patients with glaucoma.

Methods: The sample comprised 20 patients with glaucoma and 20 subjects with normal vision, all licensed drivers, matched for age and sex. Driving performance was tested over a 10-km route incorporating 55 standardized maneuvers and skills through residential and business districts of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Risk of falls and motor vehicle collisions in glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the risk of falls and motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) in patients with glaucoma.

Methods: The sample comprised 48 patients with glaucoma (mean visual field mean deviation [MD] in the better eye = -3.9 dB; 5.

The letter contrast sensitivity test: clinical evaluation of a new design.

Purpose: To compare the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Mars Letter Contrast Sensitivity (CS) Test to the Pelli-Robson CS Chart.

Methods: One eye of 47 normal control subjects, 27 patients with open-angle glaucoma, and 17 with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was tested twice with the Mars test and twice with the Pelli-Robson test, in random order on separate days. In addition, 17 patients undergoing cataract surgery were tested, once before and once after surgery.

Effects of task lighting on visual function in age-related macular degeneration.

The purpose was to investigate the effects of the spectral power distribution (SPD) and illuminance of task lighting on visual function in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) compared to normal healthy eyes. Twenty-eight subjects with ARMD and 18 age-matched normal subjects were studied. The effects on visual function were determined for four common task light sources: standard pearl coat incandescent (SP), daylight blue incandescent (DL), warm white fluorescent (WW) and cool white fluorescent (CW).

Glaucomatous visual field progression with frequency-doubling technology and standard automated perimetry in a longitudinal prospective study.

Purpose: To compare frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry with standard automated perimetry (SAP) for detecting glaucomatous visual field progression in a longitudinal prospective study.

Methods: One eye of patients with open-angle glaucoma was tested every 6 months with both FDT and SAP. A minimum of 6 examinations with each perimetric technique was required for inclusion.

Reliability and validity of the Melbourne Edge Test and High/Low Contrast Visual Acuity chart.

Purpose: The purposes of the study were to investigate the test-retest reliability and the validity of new versions of the Melbourne Edge Test (MET) and the High/Low Contrast Visual Acuity (H/LCVA) chart and to investigate the agreement between the original and new versions.

Methods: The MET original photographic version, MET new light box version, H/LCVA Chart original photographic version, H/LCVA Chart new printed version, and the Pelli-Robson chart were administered twice to one eye of 22 subjects with low vision and 20 soft contact lenses wearers.

Results: For the low vision group, the test-retest 95% limits of agreement were +/- 5.

The streak retinoscopy pupil reflex in the presence of astigmatism.

Computer simulation is being increasingly used as a teaching tool. Having developed a computer-generated virtual focimeter, we are now in the process of developing a computer-generated virtual streak retinoscope to teach the principles of retinoscopy and the effect of residual refractive error and mirror movement on the pupil reflex. One of the important requirements was to provide as accurate a simulation as possible for the completely general case of an astigmatic patient and a streak in any orientation being moved also in any orientation.

Relationship between vision impairment and ability to perform activities of daily living.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between clinical measures of vision impairment and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs).

Methods: One hundred and twenty subjects with low vision from a variety of causes participated in the study. Vision impairment was assessed under binocular conditions by measuring distance visual acuity, near word acuity, Melbourne Edge Test contrast sensitivity, Pelli-Robson Chart contrast sensitivity and visual fields.

A weighted version of the Melbourne Low-Vision ADL Index: a measure of disability impact.

Objective: To develop a version of the Melbourne Low-Vision ADL Index that measures the personal impact of disability in activities of daily living (ADL's). Also, to determine the relationship between clinical measures of vision impairment and disability impact.

Methods: The Melbourne Low-Vision ADL Index (MLVAI) is a desk-based clinical assessment of disability in ADL's.

Preliminary investigation of the responsiveness of the Melbourne Low Vision ADL index to low-vision rehabilitation.

Purpose: To conduct a preliminary investigation on the ability of the Melbourne Low Vision ADL Index to detect changes in functional ability as a result of low-vision rehabilitation.

Methods: Twenty two subjects with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) who were newly referred to the Kooyong Low Vision Clinic were recruited. The Melbourne Low Vision ADL Index was administered prerehabilitation and postrehabilitation.

The development of the Melbourne low-vision ADL index: a measure of vision disability.

Purpose: To develop a new test of activities of daily living (ADLs) appropriate for the low-vision population: the Melbourne Low-Vision ADL Index (MLVAI).

Methods: The MLVAI was designed as a desk-based clinical assessment, comprising 18 observed items on complex ADLs in part (a) and 9 questions on broad self-care ADLs in part (b). Each item was rated on a five-level descriptive scale from 0 to 4, based on independence, speed, and accuracy of performance.

Mobility of people with retinitis pigmentosa as a function of vision and psychological variables.

We investigated the mobility performance of subjects with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) as a function of clinical measures of residual vision and psychological variables. We found a highly significant correlation between clinical measures of residual vision and mobility. Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity and residual visual field together explained 64% of the variance in mobility performance in an indoor shopping mall.

Comparison of functional mobility performance with clinical vision measures in simulated retinitis pigmentosa.

Simulations of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) under various conditions of retinal illuminance were designed and investigated in order that they might be used in the mobility training of clients with early RP. Goggles incorporating a 2.5 neutral density (ND) filter with a 0.