Wave-in-ice: theoretical bases and field observations.

There has been a significant increase of studies on wave-ice interactions in the past decades. Through a close look at a representative set of theories, this paper investigates different physical processes that have produced different wave dispersion and attenuation. The existing theories have considered four major processes: scattering, flexural damping, viscoelastic damping and basal friction.

A major effect of simulated microgravity on several stages of preimplantation mouse development is lethality associated with elevated phosphorylated SAPK/JNK.

We tested whether microgravity affects mouse development during a period when gravity cues chick and frog embryo development. A rotating vessel developed approximately 0.1% simulated microgravity (MGS) for embryos.

Internal length and time scales in a simple shear granular flow.

Kinetic theory has been successfully applied to mathematically model the constitutive relations for flowing granular materials. However, the basis for kinetic theory is the assumption of binary collisions between particles. Both physical and numerical experiments of granular flows have questioned the validity of this assumption.

Stability and bifurcations of a stationary state for an impact oscillator.

The motion of a vibroimpacting one-degree-of-freedom model is analyzed. This model is motivated by the behavior of a shearing granular material, in which a transitional phenomenon is observed as the concentration of the grains decreases. This transition changes the motion of a granular assembly from an orderly shearing between two blocks sandwiching a single layer of grains to a chaotic shear flow of the whole granular mass.