Factors associated with telehealth use among adults in the United States: Findings from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care shifted to virtual interactions with health professionals. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of telehealth use in a nationally representative sample of the United States adult population.

Methods: The study used data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey of 17,582 respondents aged ≥18.

Mixed-Method Evaluation of a Community Pharmacy Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention (PAMSI).

The community pharmacy antimicrobial stewardship intervention (PAMSI) is multi-faceted and underpinned by behavioural science, consisting of the TARGET Antibiotic Checklist, staff e-Learning, and patient-facing materials. This mixed-method study evaluated the effect of PAMSI on community pharmacy staffs’ self-reported antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) behaviours. Data collection included staff pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, qualitative interviews, and TARGET Antibiotic Checklists.

Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC.

DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6   6   6 m liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light.

Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma masquerading as leukemia cutis in a patient recently diagnosed with small lymphocytic lymphoma: Clues to the diagnosis.

A 54-year-old man recently diagnosed with small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) had waxing and waning, indurated, erythematous plaques on his legs, with leukopenia and anemia disproportionate to the SLL burden in his marrow and pelvic lymph nodes. Punch biopsy of a plaque performed to evaluate for leukemia cutis revealed a lymphocytic lobular-panniculitis-like infiltrate resembling lupus panniculitis, but a preponderance of CD8+/Ki-67+ T-cells surrounding adipocytes raised concern for subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL). Additional immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies showed that the adipotropic T-cells expressed TCR-gamma, supporting the rare, unexpected diagnosis of Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma (PCGDTCL).

Utilization of Remote Patient Monitoring Within the United States Health Care System: A Scoping Review.

Limited information exists on the landscape of studies and policies for remote patient monitoring (RPM) in the United States. We conducted a scoping review to assess (1) for which adult patient populations and health care needs is RPM being used and (2) the landscape of national- and state-level reimbursement policies for RPM. This study was guided by the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework for scoping reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis.

Capsaicin 8% Patch for Spinal Cord Injury Focal Neuropathic Pain, a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) after spinal cord injury (SCI) exacerbates disability, decreases quality of life (QOL), and is often refractory to available therapies. Patients report willingness to trade potential recovery of strength, bowel, bladder, or sexual function for pain relief. One proposed mechanism causing NP is up-regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV 1) proteins in uninjured C fibers and dorsal root ganglia causing neuronal excitability.

The Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents: Translation, adaptation and psychometric validation among Brazilian adolescents.

A lack of rigorously validated body image measures for use among adolescents is hampering research in Brazil. This study aimed to validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents (BESAA; Mendelson et al., 2001).

Key features of adolescent inpatient units and development of a checklist to improve consistency in reporting of settings.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Little is known about adolescent inpatient units, key features which define them, and how these essential services operate and deliver care. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Adolescent inpatient unit studies are limited in their descriptions of settings in terms of how they operate and key features. The proposed preliminary checklist is a practical tool to assist clinicians, policy makers, and researchers when reporting to ensure comprehensive descriptions of adolescent inpatient settings.

Investigating a psychological model of mental conditions and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic driven by participatory methods.

Background: There is evidence of increased mental health problems during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify the factors that put certain groups of people at greater risk of mental health problems.

Methods: We took a participatory approach, involving people with lived experience of mental health problems and/or carers, to generate a set of risk factors and potential moderators of the effects of COVID on mental health.

Demographic and geographic shifts in the preferred route of methamphetamine administration among treatment cases in the US, 2010-2019.

Background: Methamphetamine use disorder has increased rapidly in the past decade. Injecting is also increasing and has multifaceted implications for disease severity, overall health, and treatment outcomes, but less is known about where or among whom injecting has shifted the most. This national study assessed temporal changes in the preferred route of methamphetamine administration by race/ethnicity and within urban/rural geographies.

Association between opioid therapy trajectories and potential opioid-related adverse health events.

Purpose: We identified associations between membership in seven group-based trajectories based on supply of filled opioid prescriptions and potential opioid-related adverse health events over a 720-day window.

Methods: We identified two veteran cohorts with chronic non-cancer pain who initiated treatment with long-term opioid therapy between 2008 and 2015, excluding those with prior substance use disorder (n = 373 941) or non-SUD, opioid-related adverse outcome (n = 405 631) diagnoses. Outcomes of interest included opioid use disorder, non-opioid drug use disorder, and alcohol use disorder for the first cohort; or accidents resulting in wounds or injuries, self-inflicted injuries, opioid-related accidents and overdoses, alcohol and non-opioid drug-related accidents and overdoses, and violence-related injuries for the second cohort.

The immune response to major gastrointestinal cancer surgery and potential implications for adjuvant immunotherapy.

The perioperative period theoretically is a critical time of opportunity for the progression of pre-existing tumour micrometastasis. Therefore,the timing of introducing cancer therapies including chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapies in the postoperative period is important. A thorough exploration of the perioperative immune events at a cellular level in combination with an intricate review of available clinical rials was conducted to extrapolate the effects of oncological surgery on the perioperative immune milieu.

The effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for socio-economically disadvantaged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions among women smokers in low socio-economic status (SES) groups or women living in disadvantaged areas who are historically underserved by smoking cessation services.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Web of Science databases. Eligibility criteria included randomised controlled trials of any smoking cessation intervention among women in low SES groups or living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas.

Latent membrane proteins from EBV differentially target cellular pathways to accelerate MYC-induced lymphomagenesis.

MYC translocations in association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection are often observed in B-cell lymphomas. A subset of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) expresses EBV latent membrane proteins 1 and 2A (LMP1 and LMP2A) in addition to the typical restricted EBV latent gene expression. EBV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) typically exhibits latency type II or III and expresses LMP1.

Functional and Structural Diversity of Bacterial Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition Effectors.

Bacteria live in complex communities and environments, competing for space and nutrients. Within their niche habitats, bacteria have developed various inter-bacterial mechanisms to compete and communicate. One such mechanism is contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI).

Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness, safety, adherence and risk compensation in all populations.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of the effectiveness and safety of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV.

Methods: Databases (PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials) were searched up to 5 July 2020. Search terms for 'HIV' were combined with terms for 'PrEP' or 'tenofovir/emtricitabine'.

Attitudes and access of Irish general surgery trainees to robotic surgical training.

Background: Although the use of robotic-assisted surgery is now mainstream for procedures such as robotic prostatectomy and hysterectomy, its role in general surgery is less well established. Access to training in robotics for general surgery trainees in the Republic of Ireland is variable. Further, there are no data on specific attitudes of Irish trainees toward the role of robotics.

Psychometric Evaluation of a Patient Experience Questionnaire (PEQ) for Outpatient Appointments: Analysis Using Data from a U.K. National Health Service Audiology Department.

Background: The Audiology Department at the Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust (RSFT), United Kingdom, developed a patient experience questionnaire (PEQ) to assess and compare patients' experiences of attending a wide range of appointments (e.g., hearing assessment, hearing aid fitting, hearing aid review, tinnitus therapy, balance assessment, and balance rehabilitation).

Will psilocybin lose its magic in the clinical setting?

Psilocybin as a novel treatment for depression is garnering a lot of attention from both the mainstream media and the academic community. Although phase 3 trials are only just beginning, we feel that it is important for clinicians to consider what psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy might look like in the clinical setting. In this narrative review article we have considered the difficulties that may arise as psilocybin emerges from the research setting, which may hamper its progress towards becoming a licenced medication.

Lack of Neuromodulation Knowledge Among Rural Family Medicine Residents: A Call for Implementation Research.

Objective: Spinal cord stimulation is a proven, evidence-based therapy for persistent spinal pain syndrome. While some patients with this disease are managed by chronic pain physicians, many are managed in primary care offices. Despite mounting evidence, dissemination of this research outside of neuromodulation related fields and implementation of this treatment in common practice has not yet occurred.

Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Variation Contributes to Neurovirulence During Neonatal Infection.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the neonatal brain causes severe encephalitis and permanent neurologic deficits. However, infants infected with HSV at the time of birth follow varied clinical courses, with approximately half of infants experiencing only external infection of the skin rather than invasive neurologic disease. Understanding the cause of these divergent outcomes is essential to developing neuroprotective strategies.