A novel chemokine binding protein 1-like gene is vital for the blood pool development and engorgement of the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.

Tick saliva modulates host responses during a blood feeding process. We identified a novel chemokine binding protein 1-like (HLCBP1-like) gene from the salivary glands of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. The HLCBP1-like protein, lacking a well-defined conserved domain, showed structural similarity to evasin, a chemokine binding protein from the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus.

-Schistosomal activity and ADMET properties of 1,2,5-oxadiazinane-containing compound synthesized by visible-light photoredox catalysis.

The incorporation of saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycle 1,2,5-oxadiazinane into small molecules represents a compelling avenue in drug discovery due to its unexplored behavior within biological systems and incomplete protocols for synthesis. In this study, we present 1,2,5-oxadiazinane, an innovative heterocyclic bioisostere of piperizin-2-one and novel chemotype of the -schistosomal drug praziquantel (PZQ), which has been the only clinical drug available for three decades. PZQ is associated with significant drawbacks, including poor solubility, a bitter taste, and low metabolic stability.

Zoonotic human liver flukes, a type 1 biocarcinogen, in freshwater fishes: genetic analysis and confirmation of molluscan vectors and reservoir hosts in Bangladesh.

Background: Opisthorchiid flukes, particularly Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus, Clonorchis sinensis, and Metorchis spp. are the most common fish-borne zoonotic human liver flukes (hLFs). Liver fluke infections are more prevalent in resource-deprived and underprivileged areas.

A possible circulation of a dominant Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis haplotype in Japan revealed by molecular analysis of clinical tapeworm samples.

Human diphyllobothriasis, caused by Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis, is prevalent globally, especially in regions where raw fish is consumed. Recent molecular diagnostic techniques have made species identification of tapeworm parasites and the determination of genetic variations among parasite populations possible. However, only a few studies done over a decade ago, have reported on the genetic variation among D.

RNA activation in ticks.

RNA activation (RNAa) is a burgeoning area of research in which double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) or small activating RNAs mediate the upregulation of specific genes by targeting the promoter sequence and/or AU-rich elements in the 3'- untranslated region (3'-UTR) of mRNA molecules. So far, studies on the phenomenon have been limited to mammals, plants, bacteria, Caenorhabditis elegans, and recently, Aedes aegypti. However, it is yet to be applied in other arthropods, including ticks, despite the ubiquitous presence of argonaute 2 protein, which is an indispensable requirement for the formation of RNA-induced transcriptional activation complex to enable a dsRNA-mediated gene activation.

Food- and vector-borne parasitic zoonoses: Global burden and impacts.

Around 25% of the global population suffer from one or more parasitic infections, of which food- and vector-borne parasitic zoonotic diseases are a major concern. Additionally, zoonoses and communicable diseases, common to man and animals, are drawing increased attention worldwide. Significant changes in climatic conditions, cropping pattern, demography, food habits, increasing international travel, marketing and trade, deforestation, and urbanization play vital roles in the emergence and re-emergence of parasitic zoonoses.

Ambivalent Roles of Oxidative Stress in Triangular Relationships among Arthropod Vectors, Pathogens and Hosts.

Blood-feeding arthropods, particularly ticks and mosquitoes are considered the most important vectors of arthropod-borne diseases affecting humans and animals. While feeding on blood meals, arthropods are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) since heme and other blood components can induce oxidative stress. Different ROS have important roles in interactions among the pathogens, vectors, and hosts.

Research Note: Genetic analysis, pathology, and vectors of echinostomiasis, a zoonotic helminth infection in chickens in Bangladesh.

Echinostomes (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) are food-borne zoonotic flatworms that affect birds, animals and humans, and has been classified as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) by the World Health Organization (WHO), which cause severe enteritis in poultry and hamper production. Here, we confirmed the species of echinostomes affecting chickens in Bangladesh along with their genetic analyses, pathology and vectors. We isolated and identified adult worms from chickens, cercariae from fresh water snails and metacerariae (MC) from some wild fishes.

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Induces Cytokine Release and Cytotoxicity Mediated by the C5a Receptor on Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages.

Necrotizing pneumonia caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has high mortality rates and is currently a serious clinical issue. PVL is a two-component toxin (LukS-PV and LukF-PV). It can cause necrosis in target cells by forming pores consisting of an octamer comprised of LukS-PV and LukF-PV.

Single nucleotide polymorphism leads to daptomycin resistance causing amino acid substitution-T345I in MprF of clinically isolated MRSA strains.

Daptomycin (DAP) is one of the most potent antibiotics used for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Due to an increase in its administration for combating MRSA infections, DAP non-susceptible (DAP-NS) MRSA strains have recently been reported in clinical settings. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the multiple peptide resistance factor (mprF) gene is the most frequently reported cause for the evolution of DAP-NS MRSA strains; however, there are some variations of SNPs that could lead to DAP-NS.