Validation Study of Tumor Invasive Thickness for Postoperative Prognosis in 110 Patients Who Underwent Pancreatoduodenectomy for Distal Cholangiocarcinoma at a Single Institution.

The pT classification of the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) for distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC) is classified according to depth of invasion (DOI), which is the distance from the basal lamina to the most deeply advanced tumor cells. The Nagoya group proposed a new T classification for DCC based on invasive tumor thickness (ITT), which is the maximal vertical distance of the invasive cancer component (the ITT grade). In this study, we aimed to validate the ITT grade for the next pT classification of DCC in 110 patients.

Stimulation through very late antigen-4 and -5 improves the multifunctionality and memory formation of CD8⁺ T cells.

T cells express multiple integrin molecules. The significance of signaling through these molecules on acquisition of T-cell effector functions and memory formation capacity remains largely unknown. Moreover, the impact of stimulation through these signals on the generation of T cells for adoptive immunotherapy has not been elucidated.

Determination of the absolute structure of (+)-akaterpin.

We describe the total synthesis and structural determination of (+)-akaterpin (1), an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). The key features of the synthetic strategy include the resolution of β,γ-unsaturated ketone (±)-2a with chiral sulfoximine 6. The absolute stereochemistry was determined by comparison of the specific optical rotation data of (+)-1 and (-)-1 with that of natural akaterpin.