Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype manifesting as intracranial hemorrhage: A case report highlighting the clinical utility of digital polymerase chain reaction in integrated diagnoses.

The manifestation of glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (GB) as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Molecular characteristics, including TERT promoter mutation, EGFR amplification, and chromosome 7 gain/10 loss, were incorporated to diagnose GB in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. When molecular analyses fail to detect low fractions of these genetic alterations, the integrated diagnosis of GB can be enigmatic.

Epigenetic Modification of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Background/aim: The five members of the mammalian muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family are encoded by the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic, 1-5 (CHRM1-5) genes. CHRM genes are incriminated in formation of various cancer types, but their roles in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are improperly understood. Aberrant epigenetic modifications of specific tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes are known to promote cancer development.

The role of lymphatic system transfer (LYST) for treatment of lymphedema: A long-term outcome study of SCIP flap incorporating the lymph nodes and the afferent lymphatic vessels.

Background: Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) is traditionally performed in patients with advanced-stage lymphedema. To enhance and promote the physiological effects of VLNT, lymphatic system transfer (LYST) was developed. In this technique, lymph nodes and a portion of their corresponding afferent lymphatic vessels are transferred to stimulate lymphangiogenesis.

Chimerism analysis by ABO blood group genotyping with digital droplet PCR.

Objective: Chimerism analysis is an important post-transplant assessment for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Although various chimerism analysis techniques are already established, they are limited in terms of sensitivity, versatility, and turnaround time. Our objective was to develop a digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay for chimerism analysis using ABO gene polymorphisms as markers.

Liquid-phase synthesis of LiGeS and LiGePS electrolytes using water as the main solvent.

Liquid-phase synthesis using water as a solvent with low environmental impact was demonstrated to synthesize sulfide electrolytes. LiGePS was successfully synthesized and exhibited an ionic conductivity of 7.7 × 10 S cm at 25 °C.

Recent trends and risk factors for chemical and physical restraint use in the emergency department evaluation and treatment of trauma patients.

Background: Despite research linking chemical and physical restraints to negative outcomes including unplanned intubations and psychological distress, there is little guidance for their use in the care of trauma patients. We used institutional data to describe recent trends in chemical and physical restraint in the emergency department evaluation and treatment of trauma patients and to identify characteristics associated with their use.

Methods: This study includes adult trauma activations at a United States urban level I trauma center from January 2016 to July 2022.

Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of the Full-thickness Macular Hole Without Focal Vitreomacular Traction: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Purpose: This study investigated the clinical features and surgical outcomes of full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) without focal vitreomacular traction (VMT) and discusses possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study included patients aged 18 years or older with stage 2 FTMHs who underwent pars plana vitrectomy at three hospitals between December 2016 and March 2024. Patients diagnosed without focal VMT in the macula were classified as VMT- and those with focal VMT were classified as VMT+.

Optimal Therapy for Postoperative Recurrence: Does Salvage Radiation Work for Locoregional Recurrence?

Background/aim: Survival outcomes in patients with successfully resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not well understood. Furthermore, the best treatment strategy for postoperative locoregional recurrence has not been established.

Patients And Methods: Patients who underwent R0 resection of NSCLC between 2013 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

Ivermectin Enhances Paclitaxel Efficacy by Overcoming Resistance Through Modulation of in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: Chemoresistance to paclitaxel (PTX) significantly ameliorates therapeutic efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in advanced stages, deteriorating the progression free and overall survival rates. One of the critical mechanisms contributing to drug resistance is the excretion of PTX from target cells via efflux pumps. Ivermectin was developed as a bactericidal agent against parasites; however, it has recently been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human cancer cells.

Adapting Artificial Intelligence Concepts to Enhance Clinical Decision-Making: A Hybrid Intelligence Framework.

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) holds great potential for revolutionizing health care by providing clinicians with data-driven insights that support more accurate and efficient clinical decisions. However, applying AI in clinical settings is often challenging due to the complexity and vastness of medical information. This perspective article explores how AI development methodologies can be adapted to support clinicians in their decision-making processes, emphasizing the importance of a hybrid approach that combines AI capabilities with clinicians' expertise.

Development of a seroepidemiological tool for bat-borne and shrew-borne hantaviruses and its application using samples from Zambia.

Background: Rodent-borne orthohantaviruses are the causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Apart from the classic rodent-borne hantaviruses, numerous species of hantaviruses have been identified in shrews and bats; however, their antigenicity and pathogenicity are unknown. This study focused on developing a serological method to detect antibodies against bat- and shrew-borne hantaviruses.

MYB::QKI fusion-positive diffuse glioma of the cerebellum: A case report.

Angiocentric glioma (AG) is a supratentorial diffuse low-grade glioma characterized by the MYB::QKI fusion gene, showing angiocentric growth of monomorphous spindle cells with astrocytic and ependymal immunophenotypes. We describe a rare case of MYB::QKI fusion-positive diffuse cerebellar glioma in a 54-year-old male. The patient initially presented with a T2/FLAIR hyperintense lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere and slowly progressive neurological symptoms.

Characteristics of horizontal saccades in children with intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To analyze the peak velocity and gain of horizontal saccades in children diagnosed with intermittent exotropia (IXT) and to compare these measurements with those obtained from children without strabismus.

Methods: Participants included children ≤12 years of age with IXT and no history of strabismus surgery and children without strabismus. The peak velocity and gain of horizontal saccades recorded using an eye tracker were analyzed.

Comparative efficacy of conservative, hyperbaric oxygen, and endovascular retinal surgery approaches in central retinal artery occlusion.

Purpose: To assess and compare the efficacy of three treatment modalities for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO): conservative therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), and endovascular retinal surgery (ERS).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of CRAO patients treated at the Toyama University Hospital. Their age range was 44-87 years; a balanced gender distribution was observed.

Evolving Role of Lymphedema Surgery on Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Multi-Institutional Algorithmic Approach.

: Recent advancements in breast cancer treatment have led to increased survival rates, prompting a shift towards addressing breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Despite the evolving role of lymphatic surgery in breast reconstruction, there is limited literature evaluating the current role of lymphatic surgery in breast reconstruction. This review aims to evaluate the state of lymphatic surgery in breast reconstruction, analyzing surgical techniques and proposing a multi-institutional algorithmic approach.

Effect of enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses on glaucoma patients' foveal threshold.

Purpose: We investigated the effect of enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses (IOL) (TECNIS Eyhance DIB00V) on retinal sensitivity in glaucoma patients after cataract surgery by comparing results with of such patients implanted with non-enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses (TECNIS ZCB00V).

Patients And Methods: This was a multi-facility retrospective study of glaucoma patients who had undergone cataract surgery. We measured the value of the foveal threshold with a Humphrey visual field analyzer before and after cataract surgery and considered this value to represent the sensitivity of the retina.

Managing Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease during pregnancy with steroid pulse therapy: A case report.

Background: High-dose steroid administration is a common initial therapeutic approach for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH). Nonetheless, administering substantial doses of steroids to pregnant women necessitates meticulous consideration due to the potential impacts on the mother and fetus. We present a case wherein steroid pulse therapy was administered to a patient who developed VKH during the late stages of pregnancy.

Oral 3CL protease inhibitor ensitrelvir suppressed SARS-CoV-2 shedding and infection in a hamster aerosol transmission model.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain a major global health challenge, with aerosol transmission being the primary route of spread. The use of antivirals as medical countermeasures to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and spread is promising but remains to be clarified. The current study established and used an in vivo hamster aerosol transmission model system to evaluate the efficacy of the protease inhibitor ensitrelvir to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

Impacts of Hyperglycemia on Epigenetic Modifications in Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Gingiva in Diabetic Rats.

Periodontal disease is considered one of the diabetic complications with high morbidity and severity. Recent studies demonstrated the involvement of the epigenome on diabetic complications. Histone modifications change chromatin architecture and gene activation.

Resilience and coping styles in family caregivers of terminally ill patients: A cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: Coping styles can be improved by dyadic palliative care interventions and may alleviate patients' and family caregivers' distress. Moreover, family caregivers' preloss resilience protects against depression after bereavement. This study aimed to determine the types of coping styles can be encouraged to increase resilience.