Partial arytenoidectomy in the horse using an extralaryngeal approach.

An extralaryngeal approach to partial arytenoidectomy in the horse was developed by in vitro experiments on isolated larynges and then on intact equine cadavers. The goals of the approach were to preserve the laryngeal mucosa, eliminate the need for a laryngotomy or tracheotomy, and minimize postoperative complications. The new approach was evaluated in seven horses with normal upper respiratory tracts.

Chylous ascites in three dogs.

Chylous ascites was diagnosed in 3 dogs. Mesenteric lymphangiography was performed in 2 dogs and helped delineate abnormalities of the lymphatic system. The cause of chylous ascites in each dog appeared to be different.

The placenta. Not just a conduit for maternal fuels.

The placenta is a specialized organ of exchange that provides nutrients to and excretes waste products from the fetus. The exchange of nutrients between placenta and fetus involves three major mechanisms: 1) direct transfer of nutrients from the maternal to the fetal plasma, 2) placental consumption of nutrients, and 3) placental conversion of nutrients to alternate substrate forms. Although direct transfer has been considered the primary means by which placental-fetal exchange controls the supply of nutrients to the fetus and thereby fetal metabolism and growth, the considerable metabolic activity of the placenta provides a large and fundamentally important contribution to both the quality and quantity of nutrient substrates supplied to the fetus; e.

Pulse oximetry in neonatal medicine.

The safety, accuracy, reliability, noninvasiveness, and ease of use make pulse oximetry a valuable addition to oxygen monitoring of infants in special care nurseries. Such instruments are less sensitive to changes in peripheral circulation or to edema, making them more reliable in sick, physiologically unstable babies and in chronically ill babies with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In these infants, rapid and accurate measurements of oxygen saturation with such instruments can promote optimal ventilator and oxygen management.

Gestational maturation of placental glucose transfer capacity in sheep.

The net transfer rate of glucose to the fetus from the placenta (Rf,up) increases approximately 10-fold over the second half of pregnancy. To examine the mechanism underlying this increase, we measured Rf,up at different glucose concentration gradients between maternal arterial (GA) and umbilical arterial (Ga) glucose and at three fetal ages: midgestation (76.0 +/- 0.

Osteochondritis dissecans of the medial trochlear ridge of the talus in a calf.

Osteochondritis dissecans of the proximal aspect of the medial trochlear ridge of the talus was found to be causing lameness and tarsocrural joint effusion in a male Limousin calf. Arthroscopy via a dorsolateral approach was unsuccessful in revealing the lesion in this calf. A caudomedial arthrotomy or medial malleolar osteotomy, which can be used to gain access to lesions of the medial trochlear ridge in dogs, was not attempted.

Testicular seminoma associated with torsion of the spermatic cord in two cryptorchid stallions.

Two adult horses had colic attributable to spermatic cord torsion and strangulation of abdominally retained neoplastic testes. Both horses had caudal abdominal soft tissue masses palpable per rectum. One horse was treated successfully by surgical removal of the testis, and the other was euthanatized without treatment.

Fetoplacental deamination and decarboxylation of leucine.

Fetal and placental metabolism of leucine (Leu) and ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) were studied in seven fetal lambs at 132 +/- 1.3-days gestation. Fetal infusions of [1-13C]Leu, [1-14C]Leu, and antipyrine were carried out for 4 h.

Effect of hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia on fetal glucose utilization.

The present studies were performed to determine the effect of normal levels of insulin on fetal glucose metabolism and to measure the acute changes in insulin secretion and concentration that occur in response to a hyperglycemia stimulus. In fetal sheep, infusion of somatostatin alone decreased fetal insulin concentration 4 microU/ml (33%) from the basal value without a significant change in fetal glucose concentration, umbilical glucose uptake (UGU), or fetal glucose utilization rate (GUR). Glucose plus somatostatin infusion produced a significantly lower insulin concentration (54% lower, P less than 0.

Insulin resistance of hind-limb tissues in vivo in lactating sheep.

1. The effects of varying the plasma insulin concentration by infusion while maintaining euglycaemia by infusion of glucose on nutrient arterio-venous differences across the hind-limb and mammary gland in lactating and non-lactating sheep were investigated. 2.

Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on growth parameters and fat metabolism during parenteral nutrition in neonates.

To determine whether intravenous carnitine can improve nutritional indices, neonates requiring parenteral nutrition were randomized into carnitine treatment (n = 23) and control (n = 20) groups. Observed plasma lipid indices, carnitine and nitrogen balances, and plasma carnitine concentrations were not different in the prestudy period. Under standardized, steady-state conditions, 0.

The mechanism of stimulation of respiration by fatty acids in isolated hepatocytes.

Addition of fatty acids to isolated hepatocytes raised respiration rate by 92% and raised mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi m) in situ from 155 to 162 mV suggesting that the increased fuel supply had a greater effect on respiration rate than any increases in processes that consumed mitochondrial protonmotive force (delta p). The relationship between delta psi m and respiration rate was changed by addition of fatty acids or lactate, showing that there was also stimulation of delta p-consuming reactions. In the presence of oligomycin the relationship between delta psi m and respiration rate was unaffected by substrate addition, showing that the kinetics of delta p consumption by the H+ leak across the mitochondrial inner membrane were unchanged.

Diagnosis and treatment of Neospora caninum infection in a dog.

Neospora caninum, a protozoan organism, caused extensor rigidity of the pelvic limbs in a 12-week-old dog. Diagnosis was based on results of muscle biopsy, neuroelectrodiagnostics, serotesting, and cell culture. Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titer to N caninum was 1:800 at time of admission and 1:3,200 after 4 and 6 weeks.

1965-1990: 25th anniversary of nurse practitioners. A classic manuscript reprinted in celebration of 25 years of progress. The Burlington randomized trial of the nurse practitioner. 1971-2.

From July 1971, to July 1972, in a large suburban Ontario practice of two family physicians, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effects of substituting nurse practitioners for physicians in primary-care practice. Before and after the trial, the health status of patients who received conventional care from family physicians was compared with the status of those who received care mainly from nurse practitioners. Both groups of patients had a similar mortality experience, and no differences were found in in physical functional capacity, social function or emotional function.

Prospective care of elderly patients in family practice part 2: is screening worthwhile?

In 1980-1981, the elderly accounted for 48% of patient days in general hospitals in Canada and 72% of those using long-term care facilities. This use is disproportionately generated by those 85 years of age and older and by patients in areas where beds are more readily available and community support services relatively absent. The author critically reviews the literature and describes the efficacy and efficiency of screening and case-finding programs for the elderly.

Prospective care of elderly patients in family practice part 1: health maintenance for the elderly.

The author examines Canadian demographic data that underline the urgency of planning future services for the elderly. "Health" of the elderly is defined as not simply the absence of infirmity, but rather the ability to function and maintain quality of life. The components of a health maintenance plan are discussed, as well as some of the practical and political issues that must be dealt with for such a program to be fully effective.

Model of placental glucose consumption and glucose transfer.

Net ovine uteroplacental glucose consumption (Ro,up) and transfer rates to the fetus (Rf,up) were measured at different concentrations of maternal (GA) and fetal (Ga) arterial plasma glucose that were set and maintained independently by a glucose clamp procedure. Five GA/Ga combinations were studied: 70/15, 70/20, 70/30, 50/14, and 50/24 mg/dl. Rf,up was inversely related to Ga both at GA = 70 and GA = 50.

Versatile stable isotope technique for the measurement of amino acids and keto acids: comparison with radioactive isotope and its use in measuring in vivo disposal rates.

Tracer methods using both carbon-13 and -14 have been utilized for determination of ovine fetal amino acid disposal and the results compared in seven animals. We infused [1-13C]leucine simultaneously with [1-14C]leucine into the fetal circulation of pregnant sheep chronically catheterized during late gestation. Radioactive and stable isotope enrichments of leucine (Leu) and stable isotope enrichments of ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) in the umbilical artery and vein and the maternal artery and uterine vein were measured.

Placental-fetal glucose exchange and placental glucose consumption in pregnant sheep.

To determine the separate effects of changes in fetal glucose and insulin concentrations on uteroplacental glucose transfer (UPGT) and consumption (UPGC) we studied 24 late-gestation pregnant sheep during fetal insulin infusions alone and with simultaneous glucose clamp. Insulin infusion alone increased fetal glucose utilization rate (GUR) by 45% (P less than 0.001), decreasing fetal glucose concentration by 40% (P less than 0.