Upregulation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin by ErbB2 through nuclear factor-kappaB activation.

ErbB2 (HER2, neu) is a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in about 25% of invasive breast carcinomas. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a secreted glycoprotein expressed in a variety of cancers, including breast carcinomas. NGAL can inhibit erythroid cell production, leading to anemia.

Delphi-derived development of a common core for measuring complementary and alternative medicine prevalence.

Assessing complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use remains difficult due to many problems, not the least of which is defining therapies and modalities that should be considered as CAM. Members of the International Society for Complementary Medicine Research (ISCMR) participated in a Delphi process to identify a core listing of common CAM therapies presently in use in Western countries. Lists of practitioner-based and self-administered CAM were constructed based on previous population-based surveys and ranked by ISCMR researchers by perceived level of importance.

ErbB2-mediated Src and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation leads to transcriptional up-regulation of p21Cip1 and chemoresistance in breast cancer cells.

Overexpression of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is prevalent in approximately 30% of human breast cancers and confers Taxol resistance. Our previous work has shown that ErbB2 inhibits Taxol-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells by transcriptionally up-regulating p21(Cip1). However, the mechanism of ErbB2-mediated p21(Cip1) up-regulation is unclear.

The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA, and it remains one of the few diseases that continues to increase its numbers. The development and progression of COPD can vary dramatically between individuals. A low level of lung function remains the cornerstone of COPD diagnosis and is a key predictor of prognosis.

Carboxyhaemoglobin concentration, smoking habit, and mortality in 25 years in the Renfrew/Paisley prospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate how carboxyhaemoglobin concentration is related to smoking habit and to assess whether carboxyhaemoglobin concentration is related to mortality.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Residents of the towns of Renfrew and Paisley in Scotland.

Antivascular therapy of human follicular thyroid cancer experimental bone metastasis by blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular growth factor receptor phosphorylation.

Patients suffering from bone metastases of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) have a poor prognosis because of the lack of effective treatment strategies. The overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) associated with increased vascularity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of FTC and subsequent bone metastases. We hypothesized that inhibiting the phosphorylation of the EGFR and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) by AEE788, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR and VEGFR, in combination with paclitaxel would inhibit experimental FTC bone lesions and preserve bone structure.

Social class differences in lung cancer mortality: risk factor explanations using two Scottish cohort studies.

Background: The study investigated differences in lung cancer mortality risk between social classes.

Methods: Twenty years of mortality follow-up were analysed in 7052 men and 8354 women from the Renfrew/Paisley general population study and 4021 working men from the Collaborative study.

Results: More manual than non-manual men and women smoked, reported morning phlegm, had worse lung function and lived in more deprived areas.

Vascular risk factor profiles in the first phase of the Scottish Heart and Arterial Risk Prevention (SHARP) Survey, 1991-1996.

Background: The SHARP survey data comprises personal information, family history, lifestyle and risk factor prevalence for 19,400 men and women sampled from the Scottish working population between 1991 and 1996. The purpose of the survey was the achievement of a clearer understanding of coronary risk factor prevalence in the working population of Scotland; the education of that population through counselling and advice; and a clearer appreciation of an individual's risk factor profile as a predictor for future events. In this paper a selection of attributes is explored for the information they yield about the characteristics of an apparently healthy population.

Height and risk of death among men and women: aetiological implications of associations with cardiorespiratory disease and cancer mortality.

Objectives: Height is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease mortality risk and has shown variable associations with cancer incidence and mortality. The interpretation of findings from previous studies has been constrained by data limitations. Associations between height and specific causes of death were investigated in a large general population cohort of men and women from the West of Scotland.

Alcohol consumption and mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, and stroke: results from a prospective cohort study of scottish men with 21 years of follow up.

Objectives: To relate alcohol consumption to mortality.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: 27 workplaces in the west of Scotland.

Individual social class, area-based deprivation, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and mortality: the Renfrew and Paisley Study.

Objective: To investigate the associations of individual and area-based socioeconomic indicators with cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: The towns of Renfrew and Paisley in the west of Scotland.

Education and occupational social class: which is the more important indicator of mortality risk?

Study Objectives: In the UK, studies of socioeconomic differentials in mortality have generally relied upon occupational social class as the index of socioeconomic position, while in the US, measures based upon education have been widely used. These two measures have different characteristics; for example, social class can change throughout adult life, while education is unlikely to alter after early adulthood. Therefore different interpretations can be given to the mortality differentials that are seen.

Birth weight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley study: prospective observational study.

Objective: To investigate the association between birth weight of offspring and mortality among fathers and mothers in the west of Scotland.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Participants: 794 married couples in Renfrew district of the west of Scotland.

Pre-existing ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic heart disease mortality in women compared with men.

Background: In all 8353 women and 7058 men aged 45-64 took part in the Renfrew/Paisley survey in 1972-1976. They formed a prospective cohort study of a general population in the West of Scotland; an area with high ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality rates. The objective of this study was to investigate three indicators of pre-existing IHD and determine how they predicted subsequent IHD mortality in females compared with males.

Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: prospective observational study.

Objectives: To assess the influence of socioeconomic position over a lifetime on risk factors for cardiovascular disease, on morbidity, and on mortality from various causes.

Design: Prospective observational study with 21 years of follow up. Social class was determined as manual or non-manual at three stages of participants' lives: from the social class of their father's job, the social class of their first job, and the social class of their job at the time of screening.

Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood.

Objective: To investigate strength of associations between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and socioeconomic position during childhood and adulthood.

Design: Cross sectional analysis of status of cardiovascular risk factors and past and present social circumstances.

Subjects: 5645 male participants in the west of Scotland collaborative study, a workplace screening study.

Impaired lung function and mortality risk in men and women: findings from the Renfrew and Paisley prospective population study.

Objective: To assess the relation between forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and subsequent mortality.

Design: Prospective general population study.

Setting: Renfrew and Paisley, Scotland.

Risk factors for cardiorespiratory and all cause mortality in men and women in urban Scotland: 15 year follow up.

Study Objective: To describe the relationship between risk factors, risk behaviours, symptoms and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases in an urban area with high levels of socioeconomic deprivation. A cohort study of 15,411 men and women aged 45-64, comprising 80% of the general population of Paisley and Renfrew, Scotland.

Outcomes: Mortality after 15 years from coronary heart disease(ICD 410-4), stroke(ICD 430-8), respiratory disease(ICD 460-519) and all causes.

Cardiorespiratory disease in men and women in urban Scotland: baseline characteristics of the Renfrew/Paisley (midspan) study population.

Unlabelled: STUDY OBJECTIVE. To describe the distribution of risk factors, risk behaviors, symptoms and the prevalence of cardiorespiratory disease in men and women in an urban area with high levels of socioeconomic deprivation. A cross-sectional survey of 15,411 men and women aged 45-64, comprising an 80% response rate from the general population in Paisley and Renfrew, Scotland.

Trends in renal disease morbidity and mortality in the United States, 1979 to 1990.

Four indices of morbidity and mortality due to seven groups of renal diseases are evaluated in the United States for the period 1979 through 1990. These indices include mortality, hospitalization, doctor's office visits, and prevalence. Age-adjusted and age-specific rates are calculated.

Obesity as a risk factor for osteoarthritis of the hand and wrist: a prospective study.

The Tecumseh Community Health Study provides an opportunity to investigate the role of obesity in the etiology of osteoarthritis. This longitudinal study, conducted in Tecumseh, Michigan, began in 1962 with baseline examinations of clinical, biochemical, and radiologic characteristics. A 1985 reexamination of the cohort characterized osteoarthritis status in 1,276 participants, 588 males and 688 females, who were aged 50-74 years at this follow-up.

Incidence of and mortality from cancer in hypertensive patients.

Objectives: To assess incidence of and mortality from cancer in hypertensive patients taking atenolol, comparing the findings with two control populations and with hypertensive patients taking other drugs.

Design: Retrospective analysis of patients first seen in the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic between 1972 and 1990. Patients' records were linked with the registrar general's data for information on mortality and with the West of Scotland Cancer Registry for information on incident and fatal cancers.