PTSD symptom networks during treatment among residents in domestic violence shelters.

Little is known about how the interrelationships among posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms change throughout the treatment. We examined changes in PTSD symptoms among women who experienced intimate partner violence and received one of two evidence-based interventions. We conducted a secondary analysis of a completed randomized, double-blind clinical trial, which demonstrated efficacy in reducing PTSD symptoms.

Share The Pressure.

This paper summarises 'Share The Pressure' (STP), a project that developed and piloted a scalable model for engaging patients on the benefits of risk factor control for healthy ageing; training healthcare professionals (HCPs) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk communication and to engage patients around the benefits of understanding risk factor control to enable healthy ageing (age- based approaches have been demonstrated to be motivating for patients). Thus, to improve shared decision-making processes between nurses, pharmacists, and patients. The study features the use of a CVD risk tool called Heart Age, which has been shown to effectively motivate risk factor reduction in individuals.

A Distinction Without a Difference? A Multi-Method Approach to Understanding PTSD and Depression Symptom Overlap Among Disaster-Exposed Adolescents.

Among adolescents exposed to trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) commonly co-occur. Despite the prevalence of comorbidity, the question of how PTSD and MDD are related and appropriate conceptual models for understanding their linkage in adolescence remains unclear. This study applies a multi-methodological approach to advance conceptual and theoretical understanding of the overlap between PTSD and MDD diagnoses/symptoms.

Perceived Barriers and Preliminary PTSD Outcomes in an Open Pilot Trial of Written Exposure Therapy With Latinx Immigrants.

Latinx immigrants experience substantial disparities in mental health treatment access, particularly for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The availability of brief, flexible interventions in Spanish may assist in reducing these disparities. Written Exposure Therapy (WET) is a five-session PTSD intervention that appears as effective as longer, gold-standard interventions, but has yet to be tested among Latinx immigrants.

Refining the Migrant Farmworker Stress Inventory among Latino Migrant Farmworkers in Rural Nebraska.

The Migrant Farmworker Stress Inventory (MFWSI) was developed to measure the distinct stressors faced by migrant farmworkers. The most appropriate measurement and factor structure, however, has been primarily examined with exploratory methods with no studies of confirmatory factor analyses to date. The current study built on prior exploratory factor analytic approaches using the MFWSI by applying confirmatory factor analyses and other tests of validity to better delineate the component parts of migrant farmworker stress that contribute to anxiety and depression.

SPIN enables high throughput species identification of archaeological bone by proteomics.

Species determination based on genetic evidence is an indispensable tool in archaeology, forensics, ecology, and food authentication. Most available analytical approaches involve compromises with regard to the number of detectable species, high cost due to low throughput, or a labor-intensive manual process. Here, we introduce "Species by Proteome INvestigation" (SPIN), a shotgun proteomics workflow for analyzing archaeological bone capable of querying over 150 mammalian species by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Examining the associations between PTSD symptoms and aspects of emotion dysregulation through network analysis.

Despite the clearly established link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotion dysregulation, little is known about how individual symptoms of PTSD and aspects of emotion dysregulation interrelate. The network approach to mental health disorders provides a novel framework for conceptualizing the association between PTSD and emotion dysregulation as a system of interacting nodes. In this study, we estimated the structural relations among PTSD symptoms and aspects of emotion dysregulation within a large sample of women who participated in a multi-site study of sexual revictimization (N = 463).

Effectiveness of simulation-based training for obstetric internal medicine: Impact of cognitive load and emotions on knowledge acquisition and retention.

Background: Simulation-based training's impact on learning outcomes may be related to cognitive load or emotions during training. We evaluated the association of validated measures of cognitive load and emotion with learning outcomes in simulation-based obstetric internal medicine cases.

Methods: All internal medicine learners (n = 15) who completed the knowledge test pre-training, post-training (knowledge acquisition), and at 3-6 months (knowledge retention) for all three simulation cases were included.

Patients with oral preneoplastic lesions and integration of dental pathology referrals.

Purpose: Oral cancers lack standardized monitoring systems. Our institution has developed an active surveillance system which provides detailed monitoring and follow up of patients with oral preneoplastic lesions (OPL). We examined a historic cohort of patients with OPL seen by regional dental professionals and a current cohort of clinic patients.

Drinking to cope as a mechanism between sleep problems and heavy episodic drinking among trauma survivors.

Women who have experienced trauma report high rates of heavy episodic drinking (HED) and sleep problems. Prior work suggests that poor sleep exacerbates heavy alcohol use; however, potential mechanisms for this association are unclear. Consistent with the self-medication model, one possibility may be that women with a history of trauma are drinking at increased rates in order to cope with the affective consequences of poor sleep.

Combinatorial Effects of Discrimination, Legal Status Fears, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Harsh Working Conditions among Latino Migrant Farmworkers: Testing Learned Helplessness Hypotheses.

Migrant farmwork is often characterized by harsh working conditions that carry significant physical and mental health consequences. Using a learned helplessness framework, the current study examined the extent to which discrimination, immigration legal status difficulties, and adverse childhood experiences moderated the effects of harsh working conditions on depression and anxiety. The study also examined the extent to which harsh working conditions mediated the effects of discrimination, immigration legal status difficulties, and adverse childhood experiences on depression and anxiety.

The early Aurignacian dispersal of modern humans into westernmost Eurasia.

Documenting the first appearance of modern humans in a given region is key to understanding the dispersal process and the replacement or assimilation of indigenous human populations such as the Neanderthals. The Iberian Peninsula was the last refuge of Neanderthal populations as modern humans advanced across Eurasia. Here we present evidence of an early Aurignacian occupation at Lapa do Picareiro in central Portugal.

Cognitive Load Theory for debriefing simulations: implications for faculty development.

The debriefing is an essential component of simulation-based training for healthcare professionals, but learning this complex skill can be challenging for simulation faculty. There are multiple competing priorities for a debriefer's attention that can contribute to a high mental workload, which may adversely affect debriefer performance and consequently learner outcomes. In this paper, we conceptualize the debriefer as a learner of debriefing skills and we discuss Cognitive Load Theory to categorize the many potential mental loads that can affect the faculty debriefer as learner.

Biobehavioral assessment of the anxiety disorders: Current progress and future directions.

It is difficult to accurately assess and differentially diagnose the anxiety disorders. The current system of assessment relies heavily on the subjective measures of client self-report, clinical observation, and clinical judgment. Fortunately, recent technological advances may enable practitioners to utilize objective, biobehavioral measures of assessment in a clinical setting.

The attributes of an effective teacher differ between the classroom and the clinical setting.

Most training programs use learners' subjective ratings of their teachers as the primary measure of teaching effectiveness. In a recent study we found that preclinical medical students' ratings of classroom teachers were associated with perceived charisma and physical attractiveness of the teacher, but not intellect. Here we explored whether the relationship between these variables and teaching effectiveness ratings holds in the clinical setting.

A national survey of GP and nurse attitudes and beliefs towards depression after myocardial infarction.

Aim: To investigate primary care practitioner's attitudes to depression after myocardial infarction.

Background: Depression after myocardial infarction affects almost half of all patients and has a considerable negative effect on recovery. Despite the increased prevalence of depression in this population, it is often not recognised or treated.

Vasectomy in the United States, 1991 and 1995.

Objectives: This study sought to assess whether the controversy surrounding publications linking vasectomy and prostate cancer has had an effect on vasectomy acceptance and practice in the United States.

Methods: National probability surveys of urology, general surgery, and family practices were undertaken in 1992 and 1996.

Results: Estimates of the total number of vasectomies performed, population rate, and proportion of practices performing vasectomy were not significantly different in 1991 and 1995.

Clinical aspects of vasectomies performed in the United States in 1995.

Objectives: Currently, no surveillance system collects data on the numbers and characteristics of vasectomies performed annually in the United States. This study provides nationwide data on the numbers of vasectomies and the use of no-scalpel vasectomy, various occlusion methods, fascial interposition, and protocols for analyzing semen after vasectomy.

Methods: A retrospective mail survey (with telephone follow-up) was conducted of 1800 urology, family practice, and general surgery practices drawn from the American Medical Association's Physician Master File and stratified by specialty and census region.

The chemical stability and sterility of sodium thiopental after preparation.

Unlabelled: Manufacturer's instructions recommend discarding unused portions of sodium thiopental 24 h after reconstitution. Heeding this recommendation may result in the disposal of a large proportion of prepared thiopental. Although thiopental is relatively inexpensive, the volume prepared by many anesthesia departments could make this waste significant.

Increasing the availability of vasectomy in public-sector clinics.

A program designed to improve the availability of vasectomy in public-sector clinics trained physicians at 43 facilities in no-scalpel vasectomy between 1993 and 1995. Among the 38 clinics that responded to a follow-up survey in 1996, the number of clinics providing vasectomies rose from 23 to 32, an increase of almost 40%, while the number of vasectomies performed rose by 18%. Seventeen of the 32 clinics performed more vasectomies after the training; 10 of the 17 had not previously provided the procedure.

A comprehensive and efficient process for counseling patients desiring sterilization.

To optimize the time spent counseling a sterilization patient, this article presents a 10-step process that includes all steps necessary to ensure a comprehensive counseling session: (1) Discuss current contraception use and all available methods; (2) assess the client's interest in/readiness for sterilization; (3) emphasize that the procedure is meant to be permanent, but there is a possibility of failure; (4) explain the surgical procedure using visuals, and include a discussion of benefits and risks; (5) explain privately to the client the need to use condoms if engaging in risky sexual activity; (6) have the client read and sign an informed consent form; (7) schedule an appointment for the procedure and provide the patient with a copy of all necessary paperwork; (8) discuss cost and payment method; (9) provide written preoperative and postoperative instructions; and (10) schedule a postoperation visit, or a postoperation semen analysis.

Vasectomy counseling.

The following recommendations for counseling patients about vasectomy may help to minimize the risk of litigation for family physicians who provide vasectomy services: (1) conduct a personal consultation with the patient; (2) discuss the impact of vasectomy on sexual function; (3) explain the procedure using diagrams during the office visit for the physical examination; (4) explain possible minor complications and risks, including the possibility of failure; (5) explain the need for a postoperative semen analysis and the need to use another contraceptive method for a while after vasectomy; (6) emphasize the permanence of the procedure; (7) have the patient read and sign an informed consent form; (8) provide preoperative and postoperative instructions; (9) answer questions and respond to concerns, and (10) telephone the patient the day after the surgery.