Salvage Therapy Efficacy is Modified by Risk Group at Diagnosis in Patients With Relapsed Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Patients with relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are treated with varying approaches and have a poor overall survival (OS). We performed an observational comparison of salvage regimens exploring whether high-dose alkylator combinations were associated with longer OS.

Procedure: We categorized 110 patients with relapsed RMS from five institutions into two groups, those treated with regimens including a high-dose alkylator (Group A) and those treated without a high-dose alkylator (Group B).

Prevention of hypertension due to long working hours and other work hazards is needed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Hypertension is the foremost risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death globally. In some countries, such as the US, the prevalence of hypertension and working-age CVD mortality are increasing. CVD is also the most common work-related disease worldwide.

Temporal Trends of Early COVID-19 Infections in New York City Transit Workers and Residents: March 01, 2020-May 02, 2020.

The continuity of public transportation was necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic so that essential workers could report for duty. Therefore, it is important to consider COVID-19's impact on transit workers themselves. We described COVID-19 incidence rates over time in New York City (NYC) transit workers and the NYC general population during March-May, 2020.

Palbociclib in Solid Tumor Patients With Genomic Alterations in the cyclinD-cdk4/6-INK4a-Rb Pathway: Results From National Cancer Institute-Children's Oncology Group Pediatric Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice Trial Arm I (APEC1621I).

Purpose: The National Cancer Institute-Children's Oncology Group Pediatric Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice trial assigned patients age 1-21 years with relapsed or refractory solid tumors, lymphomas, and histiocytic disorders to phase II treatment arms of molecularly targeted therapies on the basis of genetic alterations detected in their tumor. Patients with tumors that harbored prespecified genomic alterations in the cyclinD-CDK4/6-INK4a-Rb pathway with intact Rb expression were assigned and treated with the cdk4/6 inhibitor palbociclib.

Methods: Patients received palbociclib orally once daily for 21 days of 28-day cycles until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or up to 2 years.

Phase II Study of Samotolisib in Children and Young Adults With Tumors Harboring Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway Alterations: Pediatric MATCH APEC1621D.

Purpose: Patients age 1-21 years with relapsed or refractory solid and CNS tumors were assigned to phase II studies of molecularly targeted therapies on the National Cancer Institute-Children's Oncology Group (NCI-COG) Pediatric Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (MATCH) trial. Patients whose tumors harbored predefined genetic alterations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and lacked mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activating alterations were treated with the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor samotolisib.

Methods: Patients received samotolisib twice daily in 28-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Live and carcass production traits for progeny of an F1 USDA Prime-Yield Grade 1 carcass clone sire compared to progeny of popular beef terminal sires.

The cloning of beef carcasses that grade United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Prime-yield grade (YG) 1 (P1) has produced a sire that ranked well against high-performing bulls from multiple breeds. An F1 (P1 × P1 - first generation offspring) sire would ideally outperform its high-performing parents. A terminal sire study was conducted comparing progeny of an F1 (P1 × P1) sire (AxG1) against progeny (heifers and steers) of four high-performing sires of varying breeds {P1 (ALPHA); Angus; Simmental; Angus × Simmental}.

CC-Connect: Identifying solutions to elevating the cancer experience for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer.

Adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYAs, aged 15 to 39 years) experience unique challenges due to their developmental life stage, and many have limited access to support and resources. CC-Connect, the patient assistance component of the White House Cancer Moonshot CC-DIRECT initiative that aims to help childhood cancer families find the best care for their child, undertook a multipronged effort to identify key strategies for addressing the unique needs of AYAs with cancer. This paper describes the four strategies that emerged to form a comprehensive framework for addressing the unmet needs of AYAs with cancer, which can improve outcomes and enhance the cancer care experience for this vulnerable population.

Broadening the View of Holistic Care: Integrating Arts and Humanities Into Physician Assistant Education.

Introduction: The integration of arts and humanities (A&H) into physician assistant (PA) preclinical curriculum may enhance student performance and improve their patient rapport. Arts and humanities content could promote the personal and professional qualities we desire in clinicians including competence, compassion, and empathy. The aim of this research was to determine what PA students report learning from A&H modules designed to foster personal insight and perspective-taking.

Burden and social distribution of occupational psychosocial exposures in the United States workforce, 2022.

Objective: To characterize the burden and social distribution of occupational psychosocial exposures in the United States (US).

Methods: We merged 2022 US employment and demographic data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) with occupational characteristic data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics Survey, and hours worked from the CPS, to estimate the number and proportion of US workers at risk of exposure to 19 psychosocial hazards. We additionally estimated the number and proportion of US workers over- or underrepresented in exposure burden.

Occupational inequalities in mortality from cardiovascular disease, 2020-2021.

Background: In recent years previous declines in cardiovascular disease (CVD) have stalled. There are occupational risk factors for CVD mortality. This study seeks to examine inequalities in CVD mortality for working-age adults in the United States by occupation.

Transcriptomics and epigenetic data integration learning module on Google Cloud.

Multi-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) research approaches are vital for understanding the hierarchical complexity of human biology and have proven to be extremely valuable in cancer research and precision medicine. Emerging scientific advances in recent years have made high-throughput genome-wide sequencing a central focus in molecular research by allowing for the collective analysis of various kinds of molecular biological data from different types of specimens in a single tissue or even at the level of a single cell.

Pharmacogenomic associations of cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetic candidate genes with 4hydroxycyclophosphamide formation in children with Cancer.

Purpose: 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4HCY) is the principal precursor to the cytotoxic metabolite of cyclophosphamide (CY), which is often used as first-line treatment of children with cancer. There is conflicting data regarding the relationship between CY efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics with the genes encoding proteins involved in 4HCY pharmacokinetics, specifically its formation and elimination.

Methods: We evaluated germline pharmacogenetics in children with various malignancies receiving their first CY dose.

Orthodontic pain with fixed appliances and clear aligners: A 6-month comparison.

Introduction: This prospective study compared pain perception, intensity, and analgesic use among patients treated with fixed appliances (FAs) and clear aligners (CAs) over 6 months.

Methods: Digital surveys were collected from 87 adult patients treated with CA or FA from 2 orthodontic offices. The 7-item survey was sent at 3-time points (preappointment, 2-day postappointment, and 7-day postappointment) for each appointment.

and neighborhood socioeconomic vulnerability in the state of Maryland from 2019 to 2022.

Background: is an emerging fungal pathogen increasingly recognized as a cause of healthcare-associated infections including outbreaks.

Methods: We performed a mixed-methods study to characterize the emergence of in the state of Maryland from 2019 to 2022, with a focus on socioeconomic vulnerability and infection prevention opportunities. We describe all case-patients of among Maryland residents from June 2019 to December 2021 detected by Maryland Department of Health.

Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data analysis learning module on Google Cloud Platform.

This study describes the development of a resource module that is part of a learning platform named 'NIGMS Sandbox for Cloud-based Learning' https://github.com/NIGMS/NIGMS-Sandbox. The overall genesis of the Sandbox is described in the editorial NIGMS Sandbox at the beginning of this Supplement.

Impact of age on safety of Busulfan-Melphalan followed by autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation versus standard chemotherapy in the patients of the EURO-E.W.I.N.G. 99 and Ewing 2008 clinical trials.

Introduction: Ewing sarcoma (ES), is a rare cancer affecting children, adolescents and adults. After VIDE (vincristine-ifosfamide-doxorobucin-etoposide) induction chemotherapy, Busulfan-Melphalan (BuMel) high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cells transplantation improved outcomes in unfavourable localized ES, but with more toxicities than conventional chemotherapy (VAI: Vincristine-dactinomycin-Ifosfamide). We evaluated whether the risk of acute toxicity associated with BuMel compared to VAI varied according to age in patients recruited in the R2Loc and R2Pulm randomised trials of the Euro-E.

Viral Genomic DNA Packaging Machinery.

Tailed double-stranded DNA bacteriophage employs a protein terminase motor to package their genome into a preformed protein shell-a system shared with eukaryotic dsDNA viruses such as herpesviruses. DNA packaging motor proteins represent excellent targets for antiviral therapy, with Letermovir, which binds Cytomegalovirus terminase, already licensed as an effective prophylaxis. In the realm of bacterial viruses, these DNA packaging motors comprise three protein constituents: the portal protein, small terminase and large terminase.

Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-Surface (REASON).

The Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface (REASON) is a dual-frequency ice-penetrating radar (9 and 60 MHz) onboard the Europa Clipper mission. REASON is designed to probe Europa from exosphere to subsurface ocean, contributing the third dimension to observations of this enigmatic world. The hypotheses REASON will test are that (1) the ice shell of Europa hosts liquid water, (2) the ice shell overlies an ocean and is subject to tidal flexing, and (3) the exosphere, near-surface, ice shell, and ocean participate in material exchange essential to the habitability of this moon.

The complex role of Rcor2: Regulates mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation in vitro but is dispensable in vivo.

Recent research has revealed several important pathways of epigenetic regulation leading to transcriptional changes in bone cells. Rest Corepressor 2 (Rcor2) is a coregulator of Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (Lsd1), a demethylase linked to osteoblast activity, hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and malignancy of different neoplasms. However, the role of Rcor2 in osteoblast differentiation has not yet been examined in detail.