Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in two patients taking semaglutide for weight loss.

Semaglutide is a new weight loss treatment that has received substantial media attention in recent years. Anaesthetists must be aware of a potentially dangerous side effect of the drug: decreased gastric emptying. This is caused by effects on gastric smooth muscle, mediated by the vagal afferent nerves.

The Effect of HCV Eradication after Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents on Hepatic Steatosis: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background And Aim: Eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by direct-acting-antiviral- agents (DAAs) was followed by fibrosis regression, but little is available about hepatic steatosis changes after DAAs. The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence of hepatic steatosis among HCV Egyptian patients and the long term changes occuring after viral eradication.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 150 HCV patients with significant fibrosis.

The Correlation Between the Autotaxin Enzyme and Pruritus in Egyptian Patients Suffering from Chronic Liver Disease.

Background & Aims: Pruritus associated with liver diseases confines daily activities and causes sleep deprivation in patients with chronic liver diseases. Autotoxin enzyme (ATX) was found to be higher in sera of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and it was found to be associated with the intensity of itching. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the autotaxin enzyme and pruritus in Egyptian patients suffering from chronic liver disease (CLD).

Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/ribavirin in management of Egyptian chronic hepatitis C virus patients with chronic kidney disease: A real-life experience.

Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with chronic kidney disease was difficult in the past because of the use of interferon (IFN). It was associated with high risk IFN-related adverse reactions due to reduced renal clearance of IFN. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/ribavirin in chronic kidney disease patients infected with chronic HCV.

Orphenadrine in treatment of muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients: a randomized study.

Objective: Many patients of liver cirrhosis are complaining of muscle cramps, which are annoying to them. There is no effective treatment for muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients till now. This study purposed to evaluate efficacy and safety of orphenadrine in the treatment of muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients.

Fiberoptic-Guided and Blind Tracheal Intubation Through iLTS-D, Ambu® Auragain™, and I-Gel® Supraglottic Airway Devices: A Randomized Crossover Manikin Trial.

Background: The use of supraglottic airway devices (SADs) is becoming more widespread. However, there is little evidence to show which device is best in an emergent clinical scenario.

Objective: We compared both fiberoptic-guided and blind tracheal intubation through the Intubating Laryngeal Tube Suction-Disposal (iLTS-D), the AuraGain™, and the i-gel® in an airway manikin.

Predictors for Fibrosis Regression in Chronic HCV Patients after the Treatment with DAAS: Results of a Real-world Cohort Study.

Introduction: The goal of treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is viral eradication. However, obtaining histological regression is even more important, because it will reduce the overall morbidity and mortality related to cirrhosis. Introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in HCV improves rates of sustained virologic response (SVR).

Randomized controlled trial of polyethylene glycol versus lactulose for the treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy.

Background: Overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis and one of the most debilitating manifestations that necessitates hospitalization. Although many treatment modalities are being investigated, none of them are satisfactory. So, newer treatment modalities have to be tried.

Sofosbuvir, Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin in the Treatment of an Egyptian Cohort with Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Real-Life Clinical Practice.

Background & Aims: Hepatitis C virus infection is a major public health problem in Egypt with a risk for morbidity and mortality due to chronic liver disease complications. Worldwide, Egypt has the highest prevalence of HCV infection with the overall prevalence of about 14.7%.

A comparison between the Supreme laryngeal mask airway and the laryngeal tube suction during spontaneous ventilation: A randomized prospective study.

Background And Aims: The Supreme laryngeal mask airway (SLMA) and the laryngeal tube suction-disposable (LTS-D), both second-generation supraglottic airway devices, have a record of efficiency when used for airway management in mechanically ventilated patients, during general anesthesia. There is no published data comparing these two devices in patients breathing spontaneously during general anesthesia.

Material And Methods: Eighty patients with normal airways undergoing elective general anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation were randomized to airway management with a SLMA or LTS-D.

Serum FBLN1 and STK31 as biomarkers of colorectal cancer and their ability to noninvasively differentiate colorectal cancer from benign polyps.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to evaluate Fibulin-1 (FBLN1) and serine threonine kinase-31 (STK31) as colorectal cancer (CRC) tumour markers and their ability to differentiate it from colorectal benign lesions.

Material And Methods: In this case-control study, FBLN1 and STK31 serum levels were measured in 120 participants; 49 CRC patients (group I), 26 patients with benign colorectal polyps (group II) and 45 healthy controls (group III).

Results: The means of serum FBLN1 were 1.

Evaluation of portal pressure by doppler ultrasound in patients with cirrhosis before and after simvastatin administration - a randomized controlled trial.

Portal hypertension is one of the most frequent complications of cirrhosis. β-adrenergic blockers, with or without organic nitrates, are currently used as hypotensive agents. Statins such as simvastatin seem to be safe for patients with chronic liver diseases and exert multiple pleiotropic actions.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Nitazoxanide Plus Lactulose With Lactulose Alone in Treatment of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Background And Aims: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a reversible spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities associated with liver dysfunction. Lactulose is a nonabsorbable disaccharide presently used to treat HE. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has a broad-spectrum activity against urease-producing bacteria, so it decreases ammonia production and is therefore expected to reverse the symptoms of HE.

Epidemiology of liver cancer in Nile delta over a decade: A single-center study.

Background: In Egypt, there has been a remarkable increase in the proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among chronic liver diseases patients. This rising proportion may be explained by the increasing risk factors as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, improvement of the diagnostic tools of HCC as well as the extended survival among patients with cirrhosis to allow time for some of them to develop HCC. The aim of this study was to study the epidemiology of HCC in Nile delta over the last decade.

Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-ledipasvir for treatment of a cohort of Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 infection.

Background And Aims: Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has significantly changed during the last few years. The combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir has been shown to treat high proportions of patients with HCV genotype 1 with remarkable tolerability. The aim of the work was to assess the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir in treating treatment-naïve Egyptian patients with genotype 4 HCV infection.

Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Use of Propofol Plus Fentanyl versus Midazolam Plus Fentanyl as Sedation in Diagnostic Endoscopy in Patients with Advanced Liver Disease.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of propofol plus fentanyl versus midazolam plus fentanyl as sedative for patients with advanced liver disease presented for gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Methods: A total of 100 patients with liver cirrhosis referred for upper endoscopy were enrolled and divided equally in two groups, midazolam plus fentanyl group and propofol plus fentanyl group. All patients were subjected to history taking, estimation of level of sedation, endoscopist rating, and hemodynamic parameters including oxygen saturation, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, incidence of side effect as (bradycardia, hypotension, hypoxia, nausea and vomiting, cough, shivering, or diplopia), time needed for complete recovery, and time needed for discharge.

Randomized trial of preoperative administration of oral pregabalin for postoperative analgesia in patients scheduled for radiofrequency ablation of focal lesions in the liver.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative pregabalin on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatic focal lesions (HFLs).

Methods: This randomised controlled study was carried out on 70 adult patients for whom RFA was indicated to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. They were randomised into two groups: Group I: 35 patients who were given a placebo before the procedure and Group II: 35 patients who were given 150 mg of oral pregabalin one hour before the procedure.

A novel scoring system for prediction of esophageal varices in critically ill patients.

Background And Aims: Patients with advanced systemic illness or critically ill patients may present with upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bleeding which may need endoscopic intervention; however, this may expose them to unnecessary endoscopy. The aim was to validate a novel scoring system for risk stratification for urgency of GIT endoscopy in critically ill patients.

Methods: This is an observational study conducted from January 2013 to January 2016 to analyze 300 patients with critical medical conditions and presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Effect of intravenous paracetamol as pre-emptive compared to preventive analgesia in a pediatric dental setting: a prospective randomized study.

Background: Efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia compared to preventive regimen, managing postoperative pain is still controversial.

Aim: Evaluating the efficacy of intravenous (IV) paracetamol as pre-emptive analgesia compared to preventive post-treatment administration in pediatric dental setting.

Design: In a prospective trial, 60 noncooperative children of ASA I, II aged 3-10 years who underwent dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups.

Protective multimodal analgesia with etoricoxib and spinal anesthesia in inguinal hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is a common procedure, and can be performed under spinal anesthesia. Although adequate analgesia is crucial to postoperative recovery, the optimal protective analgesic regimen remains to be established.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of preoperative etoricoxib within a protective multimodal analgesic regimen with respect to pain control following open inguinal hernia repair.

Efficacy of Sofosbuvir Plus Ribavirin with or Without Peginterferon- Alfa in Treatment of a Cohort of Egyptian Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

Unlabelled: Background & Aims: Sofosbuvir is a powerful drug for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In comparison to preceding remedies, sofosbuvirbased regimens provide a higher cure rate, fewer side effects, and much lower duration of treatment. The aim of the work was to assess the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin with or without peginterferon-alfa in the treatment of a cohort of Egyptian patients with hepatitis C virus infection.

A randomized prospective controlled trial comparing the laryngeal tube suction disposable and the supreme laryngeal mask airway: the influence of head and neck position on oropharyngeal seal pressure.

Background: The Laryngeal Tube Suction Disposable (LTS-D) and the Supreme Laryngeal Mask Airway (SLMA) are second generation supraglottic airway devices (SADs) with an added channel to allow gastric drainage. We studied the efficacy of these devices when using pressure controlled mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia for short and medium duration surgical procedures and compared the oropharyngeal seal pressure in different head and-neck positions.

Methods: Eighty patients in each group had either LTS-D or SLMA for airway management.