Hiatal Hernia and Zenker's Diverticulotomy Outcomes.

Objective: To compare reflux symptoms, Zenker's diverticulum recurrence, and clinical outcomes in patients with and without a history of hiatal hernia who underwent Zenker's diverticulotomy (ZD).

Study Design: Single institution retrospective review.

Setting: Tertiary care academic hospital.

Age and Menopausal Status in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of age on disease recurrence in idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of iSGS patients treated with laser wedge excision. Patients did not have prior surgery.

Methotrexate and Rituximab Use in Highly Recurrent Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of methotrexate and rituximab therapy on highly recurrent idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) patients with a negative antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titer cANCA(-).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of highly recurrent iSGS patients who recurred within 1 year or less and were treated with methotrexate (MTX), and rituximab (RTX), or a combination of both at different time points (MTX/RTX). Average surgical durations before and after drug treatment were summarized, and the differences were calculated.

Multi-center study on sellar reconstruction after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Introduction: Surgical techniques for sellar reconstruction include no reconstruction, use of synthetic materials, autologous grafts, and/or vascularized flaps. The aim of this study was to conduct a multi-center study comparing the efficacy and postoperative morbidity associated with different sellar reconstruction techniques.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors from five participating sites between January 2021 and March 2023 was performed.

Partial superficial parotidectomy for pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: Early post-operative outcomes.

Introduction: There has been historical controversy regarding the extent of resection in the management of pleomorphic adenomas. This study aims to evaluate the extent of surgery and short-term postoperative outcomes of partial superficial parotidectomy (PSP) for the management of pleomorphic adenomas at a tertiary, high-volume center.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent PSP was performed.

Ability for fine needle aspiration and frozen section to predict extent of parotidectomy.

Introduction: Several diagnostic modalities with various sensitivity and specificities can be used to evaluate a parotid mass. The aims of this project were to compare the diagnostic actionability, accuracy, and ability to accurately predict extent of surgery for FNA and frozen section during the evaluation of a parotid mass.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent parotidectomy for a parotid mass from January 1, 2015 to January 30, 2022 was conducted.

State of the Art Medical Management of Nasal Polyps.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disease with a treatment goal of controlling symptoms and limiting disease burden. While endoscopic sinus surgery is effective for removing polyps and aerating sinuses, proper medical management remains necessary for reducing inflammation and limiting polyp recurrence.

Objective: This article aims to summarize the literature regarding medical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, with a specific focus on developments in the past 5 years.

Potential Role of Inflammation-Promoting Biliary Microbiome in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We investigated biliary and fecal microbiota to determine whether specific microbes in the bile or stool are associated with PSC or CCA.

Methods: Bile was obtained from 32 patients with PSC, 23 with CCA with PSC, 26 with CCA without PSC, and 17 controls.

Improving management of ventilator associated tracheitis in a level IV NICU.

Background: There are no published guidelines regarding the diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated tracheitis (VAT) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). VAT is likely over-diagnosed and over-treated, increasing antibiotic burden and cost.

Local Problem: Diagnosis and treatment of VAT were entirely NICU provider dependent.

Nasal septal hematoma in children: Time to diagnosis and resulting complications.

Objectives: To determine the time from initial injury to diagnosis of nasal septal hematoma (NSH). Additional objectives included determining number of medical evaluations prior to diagnosis and long-term complications.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients diagnosed with NSH at a tertiary pediatric hospital between January 1, 2003 and April 1, 2019 were identified.

Safety and Clinical Outcomes of Using Low-Molecular-Weight Dextran During Islet Autotransplantation in Children.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate potential safety and clinical benefit of low-molecular-weight dextran (dextran) use in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet auto transplantation (TPIAT).

Methods: We evaluated 124 children undergoing TPIAT at a single institution, either with (n = 72) or without (n = 52) perioperative dextran infusion. Data on islet graft function and postoperative complications were collected through electronic medical records and patient-reported outcomes from research questionnaires.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Viral Hepatitis Among Recent African Immigrants in the United States: A Community Based Participatory Research Qualitative Study.

In the United States, hepatocellular carcinoma is the ninth leading cause of cancer mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma disproportionately affects individuals of African ancestry with the rates being higher amongst individuals of foreign-born African ancestry. This study explored knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward viral hepatitis transmission, screening, and vaccination among recent African immigrants in Minnesota and identify ways to improve early detection and screening methods.

GALAD Score for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection in Comparison with Liver Ultrasound and Proposal of GALADUS Score.

Background: The GALAD score is a serum biomarker-based model that predicts the probability of having hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease. We aimed to assess the performance of the GALAD score in comparison with liver ultrasound for detection of HCC.

Methods: A single-center cohort of 111 HCC patients and 180 controls with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B and a multicenter cohort of 233 early HCC and 412 cirrhosis patients from the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) phase II HCC Study were analyzed.

Ontology-Based Approach for Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.

Liver cancer is the third deadliest cancer in the world. It characterizes a malignant tumor that develops through liver cells. The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of these tumors.

Characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Africa: a multicountry observational study from the Africa Liver Cancer Consortium.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related death in Africa, but there is still no comprehensive description of the current status of its epidemiology in Africa. We therefore initiated an African hepatocellular carcinoma consortium aiming to describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Africa.

Methods: We did a multicentre, multicountry, retrospective observational cohort study, inviting investigators from the African Network for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases to participate in the consortium to develop hepatocellular carcinoma research databases and biospecimen repositories.

Factors Influencing Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and a rising cause of cancer mortality in the U.S. Liver cirrhosis is the major risk factor for HCC.