Symptoms of depression, but not PTSD, influence cognitive performance in healthy Army National Guard Soldiers.

Introduction: Research suggests that comorbid depression and PTSD may contribute to cognitive impairment. However, few studies have explored this dynamic in military personnel who report only subclinical symptoms of PTSD and depression.

Methods: Army National Guard Soldiers (ARNG; N = 1415) completed the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), the PTSD Checklist (PCL), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics: Normative Reference Values for U. S. Army National Guard Soldiers.

Objective: The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) is a computerized cognitive test system used extensively with military service members. The aim of this study was to develop a nationally representative normative dataset of Army National Guard (ARNG) personnel and to explore potential relationships between ANAM performances and select military service, demographic, and health factors.

Methods: ANAM performance data were collected using standardized procedures from a representative sample of ARNG service members in six U.

Occupational Experience Effects on Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Common Soldiering Tasks.

Cohen BS, Redmond JE, Haven CC, Foulis SA, Canino MC, Frykman PN, Sharp MA. Occupational Experience Effects on Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Common Soldiering Tasks. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 894-901, 2023-This study measured the impact of occupational experience (i.

Predicting changes in performance due to cognitive fatigue: A multimodal approach based on speech motor coordination and electrodermal activity.

Objective: Military job and training activities place significant demands on service members' (SMs') cognitive resources, increasing risk of injury and degrading performance. Early detection of cognitive fatigue is essential to reduce risk and support optimal function. This paper describes a multimodal approach, based on changes in measures of speech motor coordination and electrodermal activity (EDA), for predicting changes in performance following sustained cognitive effort.

Effect of Environmental Temperature and Humidity on Permethrin Biomarkers of Exposure in U.S. Soldiers Wearing Permethrin-Treated Uniforms.

Environmental factors, including high temperature and humidity, can influence dermal absorption of chemicals. Soldiers can be dermally exposed to permethrin while wearing permethrin-treated uniforms. This study aimed at examining the effects of high temperature and a combined high temperature and humid environment on permethrin absorption compared with ambient conditions when wearing a permethrin-treated uniform.

Relationship of Anthropometric Measures on Female Trainees' and Active Duty Soldiers' Performance of Common Soldiering Tasks.

Introduction: This study compared the relationship between height (HT), body mass (BM), and body mass index (BMI) of female trainees and active duty female soldiers and their performance on simulated common soldiering tasks (CSTs) with high physical demands.

Methods: Female trainees (n = 133) and soldiers (n = 229) completed the following CSTs: sandbag carry, move under fire, casualty drag, casualty evacuation, and road march. Quartiles were created among HT, BM, and BMI by which task performance was compared using ANOVAs with Tukey post hoc comparisons.

The Effect of Body Composition and Energy Expenditure on Permethrin Biomarker Concentrations Among US Army National Guard Members.

Objective: To examine relationships between percent body fat (%BF) and total energy expenditure (TEE) on permethrin exposure among Army National Guard (ARNG) Soldiers wearing permethrin-treated uniforms.

Methods: ARNG members (n = 47) participated in a 9-day study. Repeated body composition (height, weight, %BF) measurements and daily urine samples, analyzed for permethrin and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) metabolites, were collected.

Permethrin exposure from wearing fabric-treated military uniforms in high heat conditions under varying wear-time scenarios.

This study examined the effect of high-temperature conditions and uniform wear time durations (expeditionary, 33 h continuous wear; garrison, 3 days, 8 h/day wear) on permethrin exposure, assessed by urinary permethrin biomarkers, from wearing post-tailored, factory-treated military uniforms. Four group study sessions took place over separate 11-day periods, involving 33 male Soldiers. Group 1 (n = 10) and Group 2 (n = 8) participants wore a study-issued permethrin-treated Army uniform under high heat environment (35 °C, 40% relative humidity (rh)) and expeditionary and garrison wear-time conditions, respectively.

Role of body composition and physical activity on permethrin urinary biomarker concentrations while wearing treated military uniforms.

Wearing of permethrin treated clothing is becoming more prevalent in military and outdoor occupational and recreational settings, as a personal protection measure against vector borne diseases transmitted through arthropods (e.g., malaria, Lyme disease).

Subgingival uptake and retention of stannous fluoride from dentifrice: Gingival crevicular fluid concentrations in sulci post-brushing.

Purpose: To examine the delivery of stannous fluoride to subgingival sulci following toothpaste use in a clinical population.

Methods: This was a controlled, single-site study. 23 subjects with at least 20 dental pockets, 2-4 mm with bleeding, who had not used a stannous fluoride dentifrice in the last 3 months were enrolled.

The effectiveness of health animations in audiences with different health literacy levels: an experimental study.

Background: Processing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an audiovisual format, such as animation, is expected to improve understanding among low health literate audiences.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate what features of spoken health animations improve information recall and attitudes and whether there are differences between health literacy groups.

Identification of MEN1 and HRPT2 somatic mutations in paraffin-embedded (sporadic) parathyroid carcinomas.

Objective: Parathyroid carcinoma remains difficult to diagnose. Recently, it has been shown that mutations in the HRPT2 gene (encoding parafibromin) are associated with the development of parathyroid carcinoma. Although MEN1 is not typically thought to be involved in carcinoma formation, parathyroid carcinoma may be an extremely rare feature of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome.

Accomplishments in bioastronautics research aboard International Space Station.

The tenth long-duration expedition crew is currently in residence aboard International Space Station (ISS), continuing a permanent human presence in space that began in October 2000. During that time, expedition crews have been operators and subjects for 18 Human Life Sciences investigations, to gain a better understanding of the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the crewmembers and of the environment in which they live. Investigations have been conducted to study: the radiation environment in the station as well as during extravehicular activity (EVA); bone demineralization and muscle deconditioning; changes in neuromuscular reflexes; muscle forces and postflight mobility; causes and possible treatment of postflight orthostatic intolerance; risk of developing kidney stones; changes in pulmonary function caused by long-duration flight as well as EVA; crew and crew-ground interactions; changes in immune function, and evaluation of imaging techniques.

Gene expression of parathyroid tumors: molecular subclassification and identification of the potential malignant phenotype.

Parathyroid tumors are heterogeneous, and diagnosis is often difficult using histologic and clinical features. We have undertaken expression profiling of 53 hereditary and sporadic parathyroid tumors to better define the molecular genetics of parathyroid tumors. A class discovery approach identified three distinct groups: (1) predominantly hyperplasia cluster, (2) HRPT2/carcinoma cluster consisting of sporadic carcinomas and benign and malignant tumors from Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor Syndrome patients, and (3) adenoma cluster consisting mainly of primary adenoma and MEN 1 tumors.

Loss of parafibromin immunoreactivity is a distinguishing feature of parathyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: A reliable method for diagnosing parathyroid carcinoma has remained elusive over the years, resulting in its under-recognition and suboptimal therapy. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis has become an even more pressing matter with recent evidence that germline HRPT2 gene mutations are found in patients with apparently sporadic parathyroid carcinoma. There is a high prevalence of HRPT2 gene mutations and biallelic inactivation in parathyroid carcinoma.

Differential expression of the calcium sensing receptor and combined loss of chromosomes 1q and 11q in parathyroid carcinoma.

Malignant transformation of parathyroid tumours is rare. Nevertheless, this small subset of malignant tumours often creates diagnostic and therapeutic problems. In this work, the morphological characteristics of 26 primary parathyroid carcinomas and seven metastases have been studied.

HRPT2 mutations are associated with malignancy in sporadic parathyroid tumours.

Background: Hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrinopathy characterised by the formation of parathyroid tumours. In this study, we determine the role of the recently identified gene, HRPT2, in parathyroid tumorigenesis.

Methods: Mutation analysis of HRPT2 was undertaken in 60 parathyroid tumours: five HPT-JT, three FIHP, three MEN 1, one MEN 2A, 25 sporadic adenomas, 17 hyperplastic glands, two lithium associated tumours, and four sporadic carcinomas.

HRPT2, encoding parafibromin, is mutated in hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome.

We report here the identification of a gene associated with the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome. A single locus associated with HPT-JT (HRPT2) was previously mapped to chromosomal region 1q25-q32. We refined this region to a critical interval of 12 cM by genotyping in 26 affected kindreds.