A Closer Look at Non-random Patterns Within Chemistry Space for a Smaller, Earlier Amino Acid Alphabet.

Recent findings, in vitro and in silico, are strengthening the idea of a simpler, earlier stage of genetically encoded proteins which used amino acids produced by prebiotic chemistry. These findings motivate a re-examination of prior work which has identified unusual properties of the set of twenty amino acids found within the full genetic code, while leaving it unclear whether similar patterns also characterize the subset of prebiotically plausible amino acids. We have suggested previously that this ambiguity may result from the low number of amino acids recognized by the definition of prebiotic plausibility used for the analysis.

[The significance of ECG recorded at hospitalization in determining the prognosis of patients treated with myocardial infarction].

Introduction And Aim: By using the database of the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction, the authors examine the prognosis of patients treated with acute myocardial infarction, in case of whom there was new or presumably new left bundle branch block (nLBBB) on the ECG recorded at hospitalization.

Method: We recorded the details of 18 091 patients treated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2015 in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. In case of 8334 patients, the clinical diagnosis was ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), whereas in 9757 cases it was non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

[Taxus baccata poisoning].

Common yew poisoning occurs by per oral application of needles or extracts of needles usually. The determination of the cause of death is more difficult in the latter case. In our article, we advise of circumstances which could be helpful in diagnostic.

Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and plasma lipid transport.

This memoir provides a history of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of blood plasma over the last half-century. As precursors of low-density lipoproteins and in their own right, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are essential to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and to consequent ischemic vascular disease. The author recounts research at the National Heart Institute during 1953 to 1956 and continuing thereafter at the University of California San Francisco.

An apolipoprotein A-V gene SNP is associated with marked hypertriglyceridemia among Asian-American patients.

Apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) is an important regulator of plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) in mice. In humans, APOA5 genetic variation is associated with TG in several populations. In this study, we determined the effects of the p.

Endocytosis of hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase into rat liver hepatocytes in vivo is mediated by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein.

In isolated cell studies, the internalization and degradation of hepatic lipase (HL) has been linked to its binding to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). We have utilized the receptor-associated protein (RAP), a universal inhibitor of high affinity ligand binding to LRP, to evaluate the participation of LRP in the endocytosis of HL and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). We isolated a total endosome fraction from rat livers after a 30-min infusion of recombinant RAP, administered as a glutathione S-transferase conjugate (GST-RAP).

Human apoC-IV: isolation, characterization, and immunochemical quantification in plasma and plasma lipoproteins.

Apolipoprotein C-IV (apoC-IV), the newest member of the low-molecular-weight apoC group, has been characterized in blood plasma of rabbits, in which it is a major proline-rich apoC component (Zhang, L-H., L. Kotite, and R.

Sources and properties of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing apoB-48 and apoB-100 in postprandial blood plasma of patients with primary combined hyperlipidemia.

Although editing of apolipoprotein (apo)B in the small intestine, yielding apoB-48, is thought to be nearly complete in adult humans, small amounts of intestinal apoB-100 may also be produced. We have evaluated the fraction of unedited apoB secreted from the intestine postprandially in subjects with primary combined hyperlipidemia, a disorder in which secretion of apoB-100 into the blood is increased. Three hours after these subjects and healthy controls were fed a fat-rich meal containing retinol, the distribution of retinyl esters (RE) between plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions containing apoB-100 and apoB-48 was measured under conditions minimizing transfer of RE between lipoprotein particles.

Properties of triglyceride-rich and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in the remnant-like particle fraction of human blood plasma.

An immunoassay procedure that quantifies remnant-like particle (RLP) cholesterol in human blood plasma has shown considerable promise as a clinically applicable risk marker for atherosclerotic disease. The lipoproteins included in this assay include not only certain TG-rich lipoproteins [all particles containing apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) and a fraction of those containing apoB-100] but also a very small proportion of plasma cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. The TG-rich lipoprotein component of RLP has been partially characterized, but relatively little is known about the component cholesterol-rich lipoproteins.

Remnant lipoproteins as therapeutic targets.

Increasing evidence suggests that subsets of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are particularly atherogenic. These include particles with some, but not necessarily all the properties classically attributed to remnants. Cholesteryl ester-enrichment seems to be a common feature of these particles, some of which can be taken up by macrophages by a novel receptor that recognizes species of apolipoprotein B but not apolipoprotein E.

[Suspension of the lower third of the urethra in ambulatory practice--minimally invasive treatment of urinary stress incontinence--technique and initial experience].

Objective: The aim of the article is the presentation of a new, mini-invasive method for the treatment of urethral incompetence in women--TVT (tension-free vaginal tape).

Design And Setting: The design was a prospective comparison of the first 10 patients at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the 1st Medical Faculty and General Faculty Hospital in Prague where urethral incompetence = genuine stress incontinence regardless of their history was diagnosed consecutively.

Methods: We present the technique of the operation, examination procedure including the application of dynamic magnetic resonance before and after operation at rest and under Valsalva, the subjective and objective outcome in the analyzed group.

Ratio of remnant-like particle-cholesterol to serum total triglycerides is an effective alternative to ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic methods in the diagnosis of familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia.

Background: Familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) is characterized by the presence of beta-migrating VLDL (beta-VLDL) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Assessment of plasma beta-VLDL is achieved by measuring the ratio of VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-C) to total plasma triglycerides (TGs) or by detecting beta-VLDL in total VLDL. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical utility of the ratio of remnant-like particle-cholesterol (RLP-C) to total TGs with that of the current methods for diagnosing type III HLP.

A tubular endosomal fraction from rat liver: biochemical evidence of receptor sorting by default.

We previously have isolated an endosomal fraction from rat liver, termed receptor-recycling compartment (RRC), which is highly enriched in recycling receptors and in the transcytotic polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). We now have analyzed the RRC fraction by immunoisolation and found that no uniquely transcytotic elements were present, because recycling receptors and the pIgR were coisolated on the same elements. In addition, RRC was very rich in proteins previously shown to be associated with recycling endosomes, such as rab 11, cellubrevin, and endobrevin, but relatively poor in early endosome antigen 1.

Receptor and non-receptor mediated uptake of chylomicron remnants by the liver.

The uptake of chylomicron remnants by rodent liver is mediated by proteins residing on the microvillous surface of hepatocytes and occurs in two steps. First, initial removal of the remnants from the blood occurs through binding to the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor via apo E and to hepatic lipase via polar lipids and proteins on the remnant surface. Second, chylomicron remnants are taken up into the cell mainly by the LDL receptor and follow the classical receptor-mediated pathway of endocytosis.

Lamellar lipoproteins uniquely contribute to hyperlipidemia in mice doubly deficient in apolipoprotein E and hepatic lipase.

Remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 accumulate in apo E-deficient mice, causing pronounced hypercholesterolemia. Mice doubly deficient in apo E and hepatic lipase have more pronounced hypercholesterolemia, even though remnants do not accumulate appreciably in mice deficient in hepatic lipase alone. Here we show that the doubly deficient mice manifest a unique lamellar hyperlipoproteinemia, characterized by vesicular particles 600 A-1,300 A in diameter.