An observer tool to enhance learning of medical students during simulation training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Simulation training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is effective but active practice time is limited given the large number of students and the learning effect size remains small. To improve learning during observation, the use of an observer tool (OT) has been advocated. The aim was to assess the value of OT to improve medical students' learning outcomes during CPR simulation training.

The Importance of Internal and External Features in Matching Own and Other Race Faces.

Research has shown that we are better at discriminating between faces that are our own race, and much less accurate with faces of another race. When the external features of faces were removed, this reduced the accuracy for recognizing other-races faces, more than own-race faces, suggesting that the external features (hair, face shape) are especially important for the recognition of other-race faces. The aim of the current study was to determine whether external features were more useful in matching other-race faces, and whether this was the case for Western and Eastern viewers.

An international survey of applied face-matching training courses.

Face matching decisions in applied settings are typically carried out by trained face-matching professionals, known as facial reviewers and facial examiners. Recent research has demonstrated that short professional face-matching training courses are limited in improving face-matching accuracy, however, despite the existence of high-level training guidelines produced by the practitioner community the content, duration and delivery of training for facial reviewers and facial examiners are not widely understood in the academic research community. The current study aimed to address this gap in the scientific literature to better understand how different agencies train facial reviewers and facial examiners, using results collected from an international survey.

Digital Detectives: Websleuthing Reduces Eyewitness Identification Accuracy in Police Lineups.

Eyewitnesses to crimes sometimes search for a culprit on social media before viewing a police lineup, but it is not known whether this affects subsequent lineup identification accuracy. The present online study was conducted to address this. Two hundred and eighty-five participants viewed a mock crime video, and after a 15-20 min delay either (i) viewed a mock social media site including the culprit, (ii) viewed a mock social media site including a lookalike, or (iii) completed a filler task.

[Regulated practices of fire and rescue service nurses].

Nurses in the fire and rescue service have been providing emergency care to people for more than twenty years. Their practice is regulated by national emergency nursing care protocols drawn up by the relevant learned societies. Numerous training programmes and more recently, the possible use of telemedicine, help to ensure the quality of the emergency care provided to patients or victims.

Effects of Changes in Background Colour on the Identification of Own- and Other-Race Faces.

The current study investigated whether small differences in the background colours between the lineup members would influence identification accuracy of own-race and other-race faces. Using the well-established 1-in-10 paradigm, half of the array faces had exactly the same backgrounds, and half were on backgrounds of slightly different hues of green. For target present arrays, participants were more accurate at identifying own-race faces when compared with the other-race faces when all backgrounds were the same.

A task- and role-based perspective on super-recognizers: Commentary on 'Super-recognizers: From the lab to the world and back again'.

This article provides a commentary on recent work by Ramon et al. (2019, British Journal of Psychology) on super-recognizers. The commentary advocates a task- and role-based approach to SR research and greater collaboration between researchers and the applied community.

Entitlement to Tell on Police Facebook Sites.

Despite the increased use of social media by the police, little qualitative exploration has been carried out regarding how online spaces such as Facebook might be important sites for Police Force identity. This study qualitatively analyzes a popular story told on the official Facebook site of a rural police force. It analyzes the story which is co-created by both the police and the public, and looks at how identity is created for the police through this online activity.

Does Time Heal all Wounds? A Case Study on Rival Perceptions Before and After Conference Realignment.

The current longitudinal case study investigated how conference realignment and beginning new annual competitions impacted fan rival perceptions for fans of the Texas A&M Aggies, Missouri Tigers, and Texas Christian University Horned Frogs. In particular, fan rival perceptions before and after conference realignment were compared to determine if significant differences were present. Findings indicate that history plays an important role in rivalry as fans of teams sharing longstanding rivalries with schools in their previous conference (i.

Sex differences in unfamiliar face identification: evidence from matching tasks.

Research on sex differences in face recognition has reported mixed results, on balance suggesting an advantage for female observers. However, it is not clear whether this advantage is specific to face processing or reflects a more general superiority effect in episodic memory. The current study therefore examined sex differences with a face-matching task that eliminates memory demands.

Left face matching bias: right hemisphere dominance or scanning habits?

A large body of work report a leftward bias in face processing. However, it is not clear whether this leftward bias purely reflects the dominance of the right hemisphere or is influenced by scanning habits developed by reading directions. Here, we report two experiments examining how well native readers of right to left Arabic scripts (Egyptians) could match (for identity) a target face that appeared with a companion to a line-up of 10 faces.

The influence of face age on identification from a video line-up: a comparison between older and younger adults.

A group of young-adult (aged 18-35 years) and older-adult witnesses (aged 61-83 years) viewed films of two similar staged thefts, one that depicted a young culprit and the other an older culprit. After a short delay of 40-60 minutes participants were presented with two separate video line-ups, one for each target. In one line-up the target was present (TP) and the other the target was absent (TA).

Does age play a role in mylohyoideus muscle function?

Because swallowing disorders are frequent in the elderly, we assessed the relationship between age and mylohyoideus muscle contraction, which is an important component of the initial step in swallowing. In a prospective study, 120 subjects without any personal history of diseases associated with swallowing disorders underwent electromyographic recording (EMG) of mylohyoideus muscle activity. Four groups of equal size (n = 30) were defined according to age (< or = 50, 51-70, 71-85, >85 years).

Hypoglycaemia associated with anorexia nervosa.

A 41 year old woman with severe emaciation due to longstanding anorexia nervosa presented with recurrent hypoglycaemia. During an episode of hypoglycaemia, serum insulin and C peptide were undetectable and plasma beta hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids and lactate were inappropriately low. Response to intravenous glucagon was poor.

Anosmia and isolated ACTH deficiency following a road traffic accident. Case report.

A 42-year-old man suffered a head injury in a road traffic accident and subsequently developed anosmia and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. There was no other evidence of pituitary dysfunction. No previous case of isolated ACTH deficiency following head injury has been reported.

Long term treatment of myasthenia gravis with azathioprine.

Twenty-seven patients with myasthenia gravis have been treated with azathioprine in conjunction with pyridostigmine and prednisolone for a total of 138 patient years. Side effects necessitated discontinuation of treatment in only four patients. Treatment with azathioprine was associated with marked clinical improvement in all the remaining 23 patients, resulting in reduction in the dose of pyridostigmine and prednisolone.

New treatment approaches to myasthenia gravis.

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder in which neuromuscular transmission is impaired by autoantibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). There are 3 varieties of generalised myasthenia with differing genetic susceptibilities. There is also a purely ocular form in which the weakness is confined to the extraocular muscles, and a neonatal variety which occurs in 20% of babies born to myasthenic mothers due to transplacental passage of the acetylcholine receptor antibody.

Portal hypertension secondary to azathioprine in myasthenia gravis.

A 52 year old man with myasthenia gravis and normal liver function was treated with neostigmine, prednisolone and azathioprine. Three years after starting azathioprine he developed clinical evidence of portal hypertension. A liver biopsy showed nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH).