Impact of Prophylactic Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole on Clearance of High-Dose Methotrexate in Adult Patients.

Purpose: High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is an antineoplastic dosing strategy used to treat various cancers including primary central nervous system lymphoma. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is commonly used for antibiotic prophylaxis against pneumonia infections in this patient population. Significant drug-drug interactions between TMP/SMX and methotrexate (MTX) leading to adverse outcomes have been documented, primarily in adult patients taking MTX for rheumatologic conditions.

Incidence and Severity of Myelosuppression With Palbociclib After Palliative Bone Radiation in Advanced Breast Cancer: A Single Center Experience and Review of Literature.

Background: Palbociclib is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor with a primary toxicity of myelosuppression, especially neutropenia, due to cytostatic CDK6 inhibition on bone marrow. Preclinical studies suggest palbociclib may enhance radiation toxicity, but this was only evaluated in limited case series of palliative radiotherapy and not specific to radiation targeting bony metastases.

Patients And Methods: This was a single institution retrospective cohort study.

Management of Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Stage- and Subtype-Specific Approach.

The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly changed delivery of cancer care. Many nonurgent surgeries are delayed to preserve hospital resources, and patient visits to health care settings are limited to reduce exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Providers must carefully weigh risks and benefits of delivering immunosuppressive therapy during the pandemic.

Regulator of G-protein signaling 5 protein protects against anxiety- and depression-like behavior.

Anxiety and depression are a major health burden. Angiotensin II, via activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-mediated brain oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to these emotional abnormalities. In this study, we investigated the role of a regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) protein, which regulates AT1R activity, in angiotensin II-induced brain oxidative stress, inflammation and anxiety-, and depression-like behavior.

Regulator of G protein signaling 2 differentially regulates nicotine-induced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in mice.

This study assessed the role of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) in nicotine-induced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects using RGS2 wildtype (WT) and RGS2 knockout (KO) mice. RGS2 negatively regulates monoaminergic neurotransmission, which is implicated in the pathology of anxiety and depression. We hypothesized that deletion of RGS2 would enhance nicotine-induced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects, which were assessed using the elevated plus maze and tail suspension tests, respectively.

Effects of pharmacological manipulation of the kappa opioid receptors on the aversive effects of nicotine.

Nicotine, an addictive component of tobacco smoke, produces both rewarding and aversive effects. Increasing the aversive effects of nicotine may help in promoting smoking cessation. However, neural targets mediating the aversive effects of nicotine have not been fully identified.

Endogenous opioid system: a promising target for future smoking cessation medications.

Background: Nicotine addiction continues to be a health challenge across the world. Despite several approved medications, smokers continue to relapse. Several human and animal studies have evaluated the role of the endogenous opioid system as a potential target for smoking cessation medications.