Tubal stump pregnancy after salpingectomy-Does the time interval from surgical intervention to conception matter?

Aim: Ectopic pregnancy implantation on the tubal stump after salpingectomy is a rare location for extrauterine pregnancy, whose pathogenesis is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the time interval elapsed from salpingectomy may predispose the embryo to implantation on the tubal stump in the next pregnancy subsequent to tube removal.

Methods: Nine women operated for stump pregnancy (study group) between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively identified.

Liposuction breast reduction: a prospective trial in African American women.

Background: Recently published case reports and outcome studies support the use of liposuction alone as an effective technique for ameliorating symptoms of breast hypertrophy. This study is the first prospective trial to examine the effectiveness of liposuction breast reduction as a primary modality of breast reduction. In addition, this study examines the role that liposuction breast reduction can play in the treatment of African American women, given the known scarring difficulties that darker skinned patients can encounter with traditional breast reduction surgery.

Ocular extracellular matrices in development.

The extracellular matrix is known to play important roles in regulating tissue development and cell differentiation. At a basic level the matrix is the substratum to which cells adhere and over which they migrate during morphogenesis. The recognition and adhesion of cells to matrices, especially to specialized matrices such as basal laminae, in developing tissues plays an important role in their decision to adhere or move on, to continue mitosis, to differentiate or to undergo apoptosis.

Cloning of chicken choline acetyltransferase and its expression in early embryonic retina.

The enzyme choline acetyltransferase [EC 2.3.1.

The cell adhesion molecule retina cognin is a cell surface protein disulfide isomerase that uses disulfide exchange activity to modulate cell adhesion.

The retina cell adhesion molecule, R-cognin, shares cDNA sequence with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) but has a different molecular size and subcellular location. We asked whether R-cognin originated from a unique PDI gene transcript or was a product of posttranscriptional processing. The 3'-terminal partial cDNA clone for R-cognin was extended by both 5' RACE and by PCR from sequence near the 5' end of the PDI-translated region.

In vitro investigation of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after dural puncture with various spinal needles.

Unlabelled: Postspinal headache is one of the most common complications of spinal anesthesia and has repeatedly led to controversy concerning needle size and configuration. In an in vitro investigation, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage with Sprotte, Whitacre, Quincke, and Atraucan needles under physiological conditions in human dura. The puncture characteristics were examined under an electron microscope.

Thioreductase activity of retina cognin and its role in cell adhesion.

Retina cognin (R-cognin) is a 50-kDa protein on the surface of embryonic chick retina cells that mediates cell-cell recognition and neuronal differentiation. It is developmental stage- and tissue-specific in its expression. The partial cDNA clone for R-cognin is nearly identical to that of chicken protein disulfide isomerase (chicken PDI) and enzyme with thioreductase activity.

Co-localization of the insulin receptor, jun protein and choline acetyltransferase in embryonic chick retina.

Previous work demonstrated that the availability of insulin to the embryonic chick retina at a critical developmental stage stimulated the activity of the acetylcholine synthetic enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and that this increase required the AP-1 transcription factor, c-jun. Here it is shown that immediately following a 2-5 min exposure to insulin there is, in the amacrine and ganglion cells of the chick embryo retina, a transient increase in the level of jun protein followed by a long-lasting increase in ChAT. These and previous results show that insulin receptor activation is necessary for the characteristic retina developmental increase in ChAT protein and that this increase is preceded by a transient increase in the synthesis of the transcription factor c-jun in the same retina cells.

Developmental localization of retina cognin synthesis by in situ hybridization.

Retina cognin (R-cognin) is a 50 kDa protein involved in cell recognition and neuronal differentiation during development of the embryonic chick retina. Initial characterization of a partial cDNA encoding R-cognin revealed a striking similarity to the cDNA encoding protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a 57 kDa multifunctional protein. The exact nature of the relationship between R-cognin and PDI is not known; however, both proteins appear to be encoded by the same gene.

Antisense inhibition of R-cognin expression modulates differentiation of retinal neurons in vitro.

Purpose: Retina cognin (R-cognin) is a 50 kDa membrane-associated polypeptide expressed during retinogenesis where it is involved in mediating tissue-specific cell-cell interactions. In addition to its intercellular role in aggregation, R-cognin may act as a cell surface signaling molecule. An antisense oligonucleotide was used to inhibit R-cognin expression and to investigate the effects of this inhibition on subsequent neuronal differentiation.

Causal role for jun protein in the stimulation of choline acetyltransferase by insulin in embryonic chick retina.

Previous work showed that the availability of insulin to the embryonic chick retina at a critical developmental stage stimulated the activity of the acetylcholine synthetic enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) (R. E. Hausman et al.

Expression of aldolase A steady-state mRNA is delayed relative to other muscle-specific genes during differentiation of chicken myoblasts.

Expression of several muscle-specific genes was monitored during chicken muscle development and myoblast differentiation in primary cultures. The individual patterns of expression for many muscle-specific genes are well documented in ovo and in other model systems of muscle development. However, comparison of aldolase A to other muscle-specific genes in one system has not been reported.

Determination of fractal dimension of physiologically characterized neurons in two and three dimensions.

Although there is a growing interest in the application of fractal analysis in neurobiology, questions about the methodology have restricted its wider application. In this report we discuss some of the underlying principles for fractal analysis, we propose the cumulative-mass method as a standard method and we extend the applicability of fractal analysis to both 2 and 3 dimensions. We have examined the relationship between the method of log-log Sholl analysis and fractal analysis and have found that they correlate well.

Effects of cell signaling on the development of GABA receptors in chick retina neurons.

R-cognin, a cell recognition molecule, and insulin are known to play significant roles in GABAergic differentiation in the developing chick retina. In the present study, the effects of insulin and R-cognin on post-synaptic (GABAceptive) differentiation were investigated. In ovo binding of [3H]GABA and [3H]flunitrazepam ([3H]Flu) to the GABA and benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors, respectively, remained at low levels during early embryogenesis but increased sharply from mid-embryogenesis through hatching, increases which also occur in cultured neurons from early-embryonic (E7) and mid-embryonic (E11) chick retina.

Effect of insulin on GABAergic development in the embryonic chick retina.

We investigated the role of insulin in GABAergic differentiation in the embryonic chick retina at different embryonic ages using glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and high-affinity GABA uptake as developmental markers. Both these GABAergic markers exhibit developmentally programmed increases in activity during retinogenesis that also occur in culture. Insulin stimulated GABA uptake in retina neurons at all embryonic ages in a dose-dependent manner and GAD activity by 30% in embryonic retina neurons after 11 days of development.

cDNA for R-cognin: homology with a multifunctional protein.

Retina cognin (R-cognin) is a developmentally regulated 50-kDa protein that was isolated from chicken embryo retina cell membranes. It mediates the adhesion and reaggregation in vitro of retina cells from chicken and mouse embryos, but not of cells from other tissues, and may be involved in neuronal differentiation. We report here the cloning of a cDNA for R-cognin.

Role of the cell recognition molecule, cognin, in GABAergic differentiation in chick retina.

Previous work showed that GABAergic differentiation in developing chick retina depends on insulin and cell interactions. Here, we investigated whether it depended on cell signaling mediated by retina cognin, a 50 kDa cell recognition molecule. Cognin mediates cell adhesion in vitro and occurs on retinal neurons that become both GABAergic and cholinergic.

The cell recognition molecule, cognin, mediates choline acetyltransferase activity in embryonic chick retina.

Cell signaling and cell-cell interactions play an important role in neuronal differentiation in the embryonic CNS. Previous work (Hausman, R.E.

Effect of viscosity on neurite outgrowth and fractal dimension.

The growth mechanism by which neurons achieve their characteristic ramified morphology has long been of interest, but determining whether physical parameters, such as viscosity, are important has been difficult due to a lack of useful hypotheses and standard reproducible techniques. We have recently shown that neurons exhibit fractal behavior and that their fractal dimension (df) is consistent with a physical process called diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA). We suggested that this DLA behavior might stem from viscosity differences, chemical gradients or electrical fields (Caserta et al.

Initial cholinergic differentiation in embryonic chick retina is responsive to insulin and cell-cell interactions.

Previous work [Kyriakis et al., Proc. Natl.

Prostaglandin-dependent phosphatidylinositol signaling during embryonic chick myogenesis.

Previous investigations suggested that binding of prostaglandin to a myoblast membrane receptor initiates a second messenger cascade which is essential for subsequent myogenesis. Initial evidence of the sensitivity of myogenesis to lithium suggested the involvement of inositol phosphate metabolism. That possibility is investigated here.