Likelihood of fitness improvements during a standardised physical fitness programme in US Army trainees of different fitness levels.

Unlabelled: IntroductionUS Army Initial Entry Training (IET) aims to develop general fitness and conditioning among large groups of trainees. Despite group mean improvement in physical fitness during IET, some trainees experience substantial gains and others experience no improvement or even declines in fitness. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between trainee baseline fitness (Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT), the primary fitness assessment at the time of data collection) or estimated baseline body fat (%BF) and the change in fitness by the end of IET.

Pre-Pregnancy Physical Fitness, Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Cesarean Delivery: A Study of Active Duty Women.

Introduction: The World Health Organization considers the optimal rate of delivery by Cesarean among healthy nulliparous women to be <15%. In 2020, the rate of primary Cesarean delivery (CD) in the US among nulliparous women with singleton, vertex pregnancies was 26%. An enhanced understanding of factors associated with women undergoing CD may assist in reducing this rate.

The effect of pregnancy and the duration of postpartum convalescence on the physical fitness of healthy women: A cohort study of active duty servicewomen receiving 6 weeks versus 12 weeks convalescence.

Introduction: Pregnancy profoundly affects cardiovascular and musculoskeletal performance requiring up to 12 months for recovery in healthy individuals.

Objective: To assess the effects of extending postpartum convalescence from 6 to 12 weeks on the physical fitness of Active Duty (AD) soldiers as measured by the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) and Body Mass Index (BMI).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of AD soldiers who delivered their singleton pregnancy of ≥ 32weeks gestation at a tertiary medical center.

Musculoskeletal injuries in military personnel-Descriptive epidemiology, risk factor identification, and prevention.

Objectives: To provide an overall perspective on musculoskeletal injury (MSI) epidemiology, risk factors, and preventive strategies in military personnel.

Design: Narrative review.

Methods: The thematic session on MSIs in military personnel at the 5th International Congress on Soldiers' Physical Performance (ICSPP) included eight presentations on the descriptive epidemiology, risk factor identification, and prevention of MSIs in military personnel.

Musculoskeletal Injuries and United States Army Readiness Part I: Overview of Injuries and their Strategic Impact.

Introduction: Noncombat injuries ("injuries") greatly impact soldier health and United States (U.S.) Army readiness; they are the leading cause of outpatient medical encounters (more than two million annually) among active component (AC) soldiers.

Musculoskeletal Injuries and United States Army Readiness. Part II: Management Challenges and Risk Mitigation Initiatives.

Introduction: Noncombat injuries ("injuries") threaten soldier health and United States (U.S.) Army medical readiness, accounting for more than twice as many outpatient medical encounters among active component (AC) soldiers as behavioral health conditions (the second leading cause of outpatient visits).

A prospective field study of U.S. Army trainees to identify the physiological bases and key factors influencing musculoskeletal injuries: a study protocol.

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) are common in military trainees and present a considerable threat to occupational fitness, deployability, and overall military readiness. Despite the negative effects of MSKIs on military readiness, comprehensive evaluations of the key known and possible risk factors for MSKIs are lacking. The U.

Using causal energy categories to report the distribution of injuries in an active population: An approach used by the U.S. Army.

Objectives: To describe the etiologic distribution of all injuries among U.S. Army Active Duty soldiers by causal energy categories.

Surveyed Reasons for Not Seeking Medical Care Regarding Musculoskeletal Injury Symptoms in US Army Trainees.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) pose a significant threat to military readiness and are difficult to monitor due to Soldiers' reluctance to seek medical treatment. There is high risk of developing MSKIs while going through initial entry training (IET), many of which go unreported. The purposes of this study were to identify the contributing factors that influence US Army trainees to not seek medical care for self-reported symptoms of musculoskeletal injury (SMSKI) and establish how those factors may differ by sex, training school, and installation site.

The Etiology of Injuries in US Army Initial Entry Training.

Background: US Army initial entry training (IET) trainees engage in intense physical activities for 10 or more weeks prior to their assignment to operational units. Many trainees succumb to injury during IET. Injuries to the lower extremities and back have historically been the most common, and thus have been the focus of routine health surveillance.

U.S. Army Physical Demands Study: Differences in Physical Fitness and Occupational Task Performance Between Trainees and Active Duty Soldiers.

Canino, MC, Foulis, SA, Zambraski, EJ, Cohen, BS, Redmond, JE, Hauret, KG, Frykman, PN, and Sharp, MA. U.S.

Which US States Pose the Greatest Threats to Military Readiness and Public Health? Public Health Policy Implications for a Cross-sectional Investigation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Mass Index, and Injuries Among US Army Recruits.

Objective: Many states in the southern region of the United States are recognized for higher rates of obesity, physical inactivity, and chronic disease. These states are therefore recognized for their disproportionate public health burden. The purpose of this study was to investigate state-level distributions of cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index (BMI), and injuries among US Army recruits in order to determine whether or not certain states may also pose disproportionate threats to military readiness and national security.

Medical-encounter mental health diagnoses, non-fatal injury and polypharmacy indicators of risk for accident death in the US Army enlisted soldiers, 2004-2009.

Accidents are a leading cause of deaths in U.S. active duty personnel.

Impact of physical fitness and body composition on injury risk among active young adults: A study of Army trainees.

Objectives: To determine the combined effects of physical fitness and body composition on risk of training-related musculoskeletal injuries among Army trainees.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Rosters of soldiers entering Army basic combat training (BCT) from 2010 to 2012 were linked with data from multiple sources for age, sex, physical fitness (heights, weights (mass), body mass index (BMI), 2 mile run times, push-ups), and medical injury diagnoses.

Body mass index predicts selected physical fitness attributes but is not associated with performance on military relevant tasks in U.S. Army Soldiers.

Objectives: Army body composition standards are based upon validated criteria; however, certain field-expedient methodologies (e.g., weight-for-height, body mass index [BMI]) may disqualify individuals from service who may otherwise excel on physical performance and military-relevant tasks.

Non-battle injuries among U.S. Army soldiers deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq, 2001-2013.

Introduction: Many non-battle injuries among deployed soldiers are due to occupational-related tasks. Given that non-battle injuries are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, occupational safety and health are of great concern to the military. Some of the leading causes of non-battle injuries in the military are also common in non-military occupational settings.

Fitness tests and occupational tasks of military interest: a systematic review of correlations.

: Physically demanding occupations (ie, military, firefighter, law enforcement) often use fitness tests for job selection or retention. Despite numerous individual studies, the relationship of these tests to job performance is not always clear. : This review examined the relationship by aggregating previously reported correlations between different fitness tests and common occupational tasks.

Surveillance of Disease and Nonbattle Injuries During US Army Operations in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Disease and nonbattle injury (DNBI) are the leading causes of morbidity during wars and military operations. However, adequate medical data were never before available to service public health centers to conduct DNBI surveillance during deployments. This article describes the process, results and lessons learned from centralized DNBI surveillance by the US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, predecessor of the US Army Public Health Command, during operations in Afghanistan and Iraq (2001-2013).

Epidemiology of Exercise- and Sports-Related Injuries in a Population of Young, Physically Active Adults: A Survey of Military Servicemembers.

Background: Numerous studies document the health benefits of a physically active lifestyle, but relatively few document the hazards of physical activity. Because of the requirement for physical fitness to complete their mission, the United States military services have a vested interest in understanding the benefits and risks of physical activity including exercise and sports. One of these risks is injury.

Risk factors for accident death in the U.S. Army, 2004-2009.

Background: Accidents are one of the leading causes of death among U.S. active-duty Army soldiers.

Effects of personal and occupational stress on injuries in a young, physically active population: a survey of military personnel.

The aim of this study was to document risk factors for any injury and sports- and exercise-related injuries, including personal and occupational stress among active duty service members (SMs) in the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy. A total of 10,692 SMs completed the April 2008 Status of Forces Survey of Active Duty Members. The survey asked about demographics, personal stress and occupational stress, injuries from any cause, and participation in sports- and exercise- related activities in the past year.

Incidence of admission to the Physical Training and Rehabilitation Programs in Initial Entry Training during fiscal year 2011.

The Physical Training and Rehabilitation Program (PTRP) is a recovery and reintegration program for recruits in Initial Entry Training (IET) who are unable to continue training because of serious injury. This investigation examined PTRP admission incidence among recruits in IET at Forts Jackson, Leonard Wood, Benning, and Sill during Fiscal Year 2011 (FY11). PTRP admission data were collected from a spreadsheet completed monthly by PTRP commanders.

A multiple intervention strategy for reducing femoral neck stress injuries and other serious overuse injuries in U.S. Army Basic Combat Training.

We hypothesized that the use of evidence based injury prevention strategies would lead to a reduction in the incidence of femoral neck stress injuries (FNSIs) and other serious overuse injuries in U.S. Army Basic Combat Training (BCT).