Characterization of enhancer fragments in .

Receptor proteins of the Roundabout (Robo) family regulate axon guidance decisions during nervous system development. Among the three family genes ( and displays a dynamic expression pattern and regulates multiple axon guidance outcomes, including preventing midline crossing in some axons, promoting midline crossing in others, forming lateral longitudinal axon pathways, and regulating motor axon guidance. The identity and location of enhancer elements regulating complex and dynamic expression pattern in different neural cell types are unknown.

The effect of saline solutions on nasal patency and mucociliary clearance in rhinosinusitis patients.

Objective: To compare the effect of two saline nasal sprays on nasal patency and mucociliary clearance in patients with rhinosinusitis.

Study Design: Randomized double-blind trial.

Subjects And Methods: Eighty patients with rhinosinusitis at a tertiary care academic center had nasal patency and mucociliary clearance measured.

Expression of focal adhesion kinase and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

Objectives: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers including those derived from the oral cavity. The purpose of this work is to determine the expression patterns of FAK and its activated form, FAK pY397, in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and to correlate FAK expression with tumor differentiation and clinical parameters.

Study Design: A retrospective study using archival tissue.

In vivo localization and characterization of functional ciliary neurotrophic factor receptors which utilize JAK-STAT signaling.

The ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor is critically involved in embryonic motor neuron development. Postnatally, it may contribute to neuronal maintenance and regeneration. In addition, pharmacological stimulation of the receptor may slow the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders.

Spitz nevus: a case report.

The case of a 2-mm Spitz nevus is reported. We comment on the case and describe the skin-surface microscopy features.

The actinic comedonal plaque.

A case of actinic comedonal plaque is reported. We comment on the case as well as describe the skin surface microscopic features.

Synthesis of complement components C2 and C4 by human monocyte-derived macrophages during in vitro differentiation in serum-free culture conditions.

In order to analyze the kinetics of complement component synthesis by human monocytes/macrophages, we have developed a system of defined culture conditions in the absence of serum. Moreover, the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides a high sensitivity for the detection of mRNAs and the study of the regulation of complement component synthesis by these cells. Human blood monocytes were collected and purified by cytapheresis and elutriation, and then cultured in nonadherent cell culture bags for up to 3 weeks.

Gene conversions and rearrangements cause discordance between inheritance of forms of 21-hydroxylase deficiency and HLA types.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) can be caused by a variety of defects in the functional gene encoding 21-hydroxylase (P450c21), which lies in the midst of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus on chromosome 6. As a result, Mendelian genetics permit clinically distinct forms of CAH to be traced genetically by HLA and complement typing of family members. The recent cloning of probes for P450c21 now permits tracing of the affected gene directly.