Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Subvariant Neutralization Following a Primary Vaccine Series of NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 Monovalent Booster Vaccine.

We evaluated the immunologic response to a novel vaccine regimen that included 2 doses of NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax) followed by 1 dose of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) monovalent booster vaccine. A durable neutralizing antibody response to Omicron BA.4/BA.

Genetic diversity in the metronidazole metabolism genes nitroreductases and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductases in susceptible and refractory clinical samples of Giardia lamblia.

The effectiveness of metronidazole against the tetraploid intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia is dependent on its activation/inactivation within the cytoplasm. There are several activating enzymes, including pyruvate ferredoxin reductase (PFOR) and nitroreductase (NR) 1 which metabolize metronidazole into toxic forms, while NR2 on the other hand inactivates it. Metronidazole treatment failures have been increasing rapidly over the last decade, indicating genetic resistance mechanisms.

Preparation for Denitrification and Phenotypic Diversification at the Cusp of Anoxia: a Purpose for NO Reductase Multiple Roles of O.

Adaptation to anoxia by synthesizing a denitrification proteome costs metabolic energy, and the anaerobic respiration conserves less energy per electron than aerobic respiration. This implies a selective advantage of the stringent O repression of denitrification gene transcription, which is found in most denitrifying bacteria. In some bacteria, the metabolic burden of adaptation can be minimized further by phenotypic diversification, colloquially termed "bet-hedging," where all cells synthesize the NO reductase (NosZ) but only a minority synthesize nitrite reductase (NirS), as demonstrated for the model strain Paracoccus denitrificans.

Effects of dialogue meetings on sickness absence-Evidence from a large field experiment.

Sickness absence entails large individual and societal costs. Dialogue Meetings (DMs) where the absentee, the employer, and the physician discuss arrangements for full or partial work resumption have been in place in Norway since 2007. In collaboration with the Labour and Welfare Administration, we conducted a large-scale, pre-registered, randomized field experiment to evaluate aspects of the Norwegian DMs policy.

An Ecological Study of a Universal Employee Depression Awareness and Stigma Reduction Intervention: "Right Direction".

Right Direction (RD) was a component of a universal employee wellness program implemented in 2014 at Kent State University (KSU) to increase employees' awareness of depression, reduce mental health stigma, and encourage help-seeking behaviors to promote mental health. We explored changes in mental health care utilization before and after implementation of RD. KSU Human Resources census and service use data were used to identify the study cohort and examine the study objectives.

A Q-methodology study of the type of support mentors need when assessing underperforming nursing students.

Aims: To identify and describe patterns of the shared viewpoints of nurse mentors about the support obtained from link lecturer in assessing underperforming students.

Design: Non-experimental, exploratory research design.

Methods: Q-methodology was applied to explore the viewpoints of 26 mentors about support.

Failing to Fail nursing students among mentors: A confirmatory factor analysis of the Failing to Fail scale.

Aim: The aim was to explore the psychometric properties with respect to the internal consistency reliability of the subject-specific questionnaire "Failing to Fail."

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation.

Effect of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine to Interrupt Recurrence of Vulvar and Anal Neoplasia (VIVA): A Trial Protocol.

Importance: Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV type 16, causes most anal and vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), which are precursors to cancer. After initial treatment of HSIL, more than 30% of patients will have disease recurrence, with even higher recurrence among HIV-positive individuals and men who have sex with men. Recurrences can be debilitating and lead to significant morbidity and medical expense.

Are Norwegian mentors failing to fail nursing students?

It is highly important that nursing students are well educated and become safe and competent practitioners. This article presents the findings from a quantitative study investigating if Norwegian mentors fail to fail nursing students not achieving the learning outcomes in clinical studies in the bachelor's programme in nursing, in addition to the factors influencing their decisions. A survey was conducted among nurse mentors in hospital- and home-based nursing care in two Norwegian municipalities, and 561 nurses answered the questionnaire.

Sustaining cooperation through self-sorting: The good, the bad, and the conditional.

In four public-good game experiments, we study self-sorting as a means to facilitate cooperation in groups. When individuals can choose to join groups precommitted to charity, such groups sustain cooperation toward the group's local public good. By eliciting subjects' conditional contribution profiles, we find that subjects who prefer the charity groups have higher average conditional contribution levels but do not differ with respect to the slope of their profiles.

Combined incentives versus no-incentive exercise programs on objectively measured physical activity and health-related variables.

Unlabelled: Incentivized exercise program interventions have recently led to mixed findings with regard to increasing physical activity, attendance, and improving healthy lifestyles. However, in this area limited research exists on implementing a combined negative reinforcement strategy, using a "buy-in" and positive reinforcement system.

Purpose: To determine the effect of comparing a non-incentivized reward system with an incentivized reward system using combined positive and negative rewards on physical activity, attendance, and health and performance outcomes.

Abnormal uterine bleeding refractory to medical therapy assessed by saline infusion sonohysterography.

Objective: The primary aim of the study was to assess the incidence of intracavitary pathology visualized by saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) in premenopausal women suffering from abnormal uterine bleeding refractory to medical therapy. Secondary aims were to evaluate the clinical course when a minimally invasive therapeutic approach was applied and to examine the need for hysterectomy in this group of women over a follow-up period of two years.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Use of rapid genomic deletion typing to monitor a tuberculosis outbreak within an urban homeless population.

Beginning in mid-2002, a large tuberculosis outbreak occurred among homeless persons in King County, Washington. In order to further monitor the outbreak following its peak in 2003, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from all new King County tuberculosis (TB) patients in 2004 and the first half of 2005 (n = 220) were genotyped by using a rapid comparative genomics-based (genomic deletion-typing) approach, with confirmation by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units and repetitive-sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR). Results were compared to retrospective genotypic data from 1995 to 2003.

Genes required for intrinsic multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium avium.

Genes required for intrinsic multidrug resistance by Mycobacterium avium were identified by screening a library of transposon insertion mutants for the inability to grow in the presence of ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and penicillin at subinhibitory concentrations. Two genes, pks12 and Maa2520, were disrupted in multiple drug-susceptible mutants. The pks12 gene (Maa1979), which may be cotranscribed with a downstream gene (Maa1980), is widely conserved in the actinomycetes.

Expanded geographical distribution of the N family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains within the United States.

The N and W-Beijing families of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are phylogenetically closely related. The ability of the W-Beijing family to rapidly cause widespread disease is well described; however, few outbreaks involving the N family have been reported outside the New York City, N.Y.

Mutational analysis of cell wall biosynthesis in Mycobacterium avium.

The cell wall of the environmental pathogen Mycobacterium avium is important to its virulence and intrinsic antimicrobial resistance. To identify genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, "transposome" insertion libraries were screened for mutants with altered colony morphology on medium containing the lipoprotein stain Congo red. Nineteen such mutants were isolated and mapped, including 10 with insertions in a functional island of cell wall biosynthetic genes that spans approximately 40 kb of the M.

Can ultrasound-based investigations replace laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in infertility?

Objectives: To compare the use a simplified ultrasound based infertility investigation of the infertile couple with the current use of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy.

Study Design: Thirty-three infertile couples underwent transvaginal ultrasound and hystero-salpingo-contrast-sonography. A diagnosis was formulated based on the results of the ultrasound investigations, a semen analysis and endocrine parameters.

Epidemiological investigation of risk factors for campylobacter colonization in Norwegian broiler flocks.

An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify risk factors related to hygiene and husbandry practices which determine the introduction of Campylobacter spp. into broiler chicken flocks. All 176 broiler farms in an area in southeastern Norway participated in the study.

A review of alprazolam withdrawal.

A cumulative review of case reports in the literature describing withdrawal reactions secondary to alprazolam is presented. In four of eight reports, the primary withdrawal manifestations were grand mal seizures. One case was characterized by painful myoclonus.