The association of overall dietary quality on stress, anxiety, depression, and academic performance in college students: a systematic review.

The objective of this systematic review was to examine current evidence regarding the associations between dietary quality and mental well-being indicators (stress, anxiety, and/or depression) in college students, with a secondary aim of characterizing the relationship between overall dietary quality and academic performance. : Searches were performed, and the PRISMA guidelines were followed for reporting the methods and results. Twelve observational studies were included and reviewed showing high dietary quality was associated with: low stress (four studies), stress (one study), and no significant association (two studies); low depression (three studies) and no significant association (two studies) and low anxiety (two studies), anxiety (one study), and no significant associations (two studies).

Effect of Flour Particle Size on the Glycemic Index of Muffins Made from Whole Sorghum, Whole Corn, Brown Rice, Whole Wheat, or Refined Wheat Flours.

The unique properties of sorghum are increasingly being studied for potential health benefits, with one area of emphasis being the impact of sorghum consumption on mitigating type 2 diabetes. The glycemic index (GI) of muffins made from whole grain sorghum flour ground to three different particle sizes (fine, intermediate, coarse) was tested on eight healthy volunteers (ages 18-40) and compared to the glycemic index of whole grain corn, wheat, and rice flours produced using a similar product formula. Sorghum flour ground through a 0.

Recovery Phase Nutrition and Insulin Strategies for a Collegiate Distance Runner with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Study.

Purpose: There is scant published research regarding nutrition and insulin strategies for athletic performance in collegiate distance runners with type 1 diabetes mellitus (CDRT1). Acute carbohydrate supplementation (CHOsup) and insulin reduction used to minimize hypoglycemia during exercise may result in deteriorated glycemic control post exercise in CDRT1. The present case study of a CDRT1 investigated outcomes associated with a moderate-carbohydrate (ModCHO) diet and 24 h insulin adjustment during recovery phases for improved glycemic control and reduced use of acute strategies.

Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses of Healthy Humans to a Nutrition Bar with or without Added Fibersym RW, a Cross-Linked Phosphorylated RS4-Type Resistant Wheat Starch.

The current study compared postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to four nutrition bars containing two different doses of resistant starch type-4. Normoglycemic adults ( = 17) completed six treatments, consuming either 50 g or 30 g digestible carbohydrate as: dextrose beverages (DEX), control puffed wheat bars (PWB), or RS4 test bars (RS4). Glucose (mg/dL) and insulin (µIU/mL) were measured at baseline and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min.

Use of PtC Nanotips for Low-Voltage Quantum Tunneling Applications.

The use of focused ion and focused electron beam (FIB/FEB) technology permits the fabrication of micro- and nanometer scale geometries. Therefore, FIB/FEB technology is a favorable technique for preparing TEM lamellae, nanocontacts, or nanowires and repairing electronic circuits. This work investigates FIB/FEB technology as a tool for nanotip fabrication and quantum mechanical tunneling applications at a low tunneling voltage.

Development and Proof of Concept of a Miniaturized MEMS Quantum Tunneling Accelerometer Based on PtC Tips by Focused Ion Beam 3D Nano-Patterning.

Most accelerometers today are based on the capacitive principle. However, further miniaturization for micro integration of those sensors leads to a poorer signal-to-noise ratio due to a small total area of the capacitor plates. Thus, other transducer principles should be taken into account to develop smaller sensors.

Metabolic Responses to Native Wheat Starch (Midsol 50) versus Resistant Wheat Starch Type 4 (Fibersym RW): Standard versus Marketplace Testing Protocols.

Background: To investigate the effect of resistant starch (RS) on acute glycemic or insulinemic responses, the FDA indicates that control and RS-enriched foods must contain equivalent amounts of digestible carbohydrate. However, RS-containing foods typically contain less digestible carbohydrate per serving than control foods. Thus, controlling for digestible carbohydrate may yield different responses as compared with controlling for serving size.

Living with Parkinson's disease: The benefits of community programming.

Background: and purpose. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that has significant physical, mental and financial costs for individuals and families. It is necessary to examine ways to improve the lives of individuals living with PD.

Salivary Cystatin SN Binds to Phytic Acid In Vitro and Is a Predictor of Nonheme Iron Bioavailability with Phytic Acid Supplementation in a Proof of Concept Pilot Study.

Background: Acute phytic acid intake has been found to decrease iron bioavailability; however, repeated phytic acid consumption leads to iron absorption adaptation. Salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) have been shown to inhibit iron chelation to tannins and may mediate similar iron absorption adaptation with phytic acid intake.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine whether salivary proteins bind to phytic acid in vitro, and to explore a proof of concept in a pilot study that examined the impact of 4-wk, daily phytic acid supplementation on individuals' iron status, bioavailability, and salivary PRP concentrations.

Long-Term Dose-Response Condensed Tannin Supplementation Does Not Affect Iron Status or Bioavailability.

Repeated phytic acid consumption leads to iron absorption adaptation but, to the best of our knowledge, the impact of repeated tannin consumption has not yet been established. Salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) may improve iron absorption by precipitating tannins. This study aimed to determine the effect of long-term, dose-response condensed tannin supplementation on iron bioavailability and status and to assess the effect of salivary proteins on iron bioavailability during prolonged condensed tannin consumption.

Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome criteria in lean, normoglycemic college-age subjects.

Aims: The goal of this study was to determine insulin sensitivity in a fasted state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in normoglycemic (NGT), lean (L) (n = 35) and, for comparison, overweight/obese (OW/O) (n = 9) college-aged subjects.

Materials And Methods: Insulin sensitivity for 44 NGT, normotensive subjects, age 18-26 yrs., was determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and from Matsuda index (ISI Matsuda).

Postprandial Metabolic Responses Differ by Age Group and Physical Activity Level.

Objectives: To compare the postprandial metabolic responses to a high-fat meal in healthy adults who differ by age and physical activity level.

Design: Cross-sectional, quasi-experimental design.

Setting: Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium (PAN-CRC) at Kansas State University (Manhattan, KS, USA).

Spices in a Product Affect Emotions: A Study with an Extruded Snack Product .

Food commonly is associated with emotion. The study was designed to determine if a spice blend (cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, and cloves) high in antioxidants can evoke changes in consumer emotions. This was an exploratory study to determine the effects of these four spices on emotions.

Salivary proline-rich protein may reduce tannin-iron chelation: a systematic narrative review.

Background: Tannins are often cited for antinutritional effects, including chelation of non-heme iron. Despite this, studies exploring non-heme iron bioavailability inhibition with long-term consumption have reported mixed results. Salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) may mediate tannin-antinutritional effects on non-heme iron bioavailability.

Realistic Test-Meal Protocols Lead to Blunted Postprandial Lipemia but Similar Inflammatory Responses Compared with a Standard High-Fat Meal.

A substantial increase in triglycerides (TGs) after a meal is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Most studies investigating the effects of a meal on TGs have not used meals that reflect typical consumption. The objective of this study was to compare the TG and inflammatory responses of true-to-life meals, containing moderate fat and energy contents, with a high-fat, high-energy, low-carbohydrate meal (HFM) typically used to test TG responses.

Magnitude and Timing of the Postprandial Inflammatory Response to a High-Fat Meal in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review.

Research findings over the past several decades have shown that inflammation is a prominent feature of many chronic diseases, with poor diet being one likely inflammatory stimulus. Specifically, a single high-fat meal (HFM) has been suggested to increase inflammation, although there is currently no consensus with regard to the specific changes in many of the proinflammatory markers that are frequently assessed after an HFM. The aim of this systematic review was to objectively describe the postprandial timing and magnitude of changes in 5 common inflammatory markers: interleukin (IL) 6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, IL-1β, and IL-8.

The Impact of Tannin Consumption on Iron Bioavailability and Status: A Narrative Review.

Iron deficiency remains a global health issue, and antinutritional factors, such as tannins, are often cited as contributors to the high prevalence of deficiency. Despite this, tannin-rich diets may have potential beneficial cardiovascular and cancer-fighting properties because of the antioxidant activity of tannins. Furthermore, epidemiologic studies and long-term trials involving participants who consumed diets rich in antinutritional factors, particularly tannins, conflict with single-meal bioavailability studies.

Postprandial lipemic and inflammatory responses to high-fat meals: a review of the roles of acute and chronic exercise.

Postprandial lipemia is an independent risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. Postprandial inflammation following the prolonged elevation of triglycerides occurring subsequent to ingestion of high-fat meals, provides a likely explanation for increased disease risk. Substantial evidence has shown that acute exercise is an effective modality for attenuation of postprandial lipemia following a high-fat meal.

Summation of blood glucose and TAG to characterise the 'metabolic load index'.

Research points to postprandial glucose and TAG measures as preferable assessments of cardiovascular risk as compared with fasting values. Although elevated postprandial glycaemic and lipaemic responses are thought to substantially increase chronic disease risk, postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia have historically only been considered separately. However, carbohydrates and fats can generally 'compete' for clearance from the stomach, small intestine, bloodstream and within the peripheral cell.

Effects of thirty and sixty minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on postprandial lipemia and inflammation in overweight men: a randomized cross-over study.

Background: The transient rise in blood lipids following a high-fat meal (HFM), known as postprandial lipemia, is linked to systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease, but can be blunted by exercise. However, minimal research has investigated the effects of realistic exercise bouts on postprandial lipemia and inflammation in at-risk individuals. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise lasting 30 or 60 min performed the evening before a HFM, on postprandial lipemia and inflammation in overweight, insufficiently active men.

The effect of moderate intensity exercise in the postprandial period on the inflammatory response to a high-fat meal: an experimental study.

Background: Consuming a high-fat meal (HFM) may lead to postprandial lipemia (PPL) and inflammation. Postprandial exercise has been shown to effectively attenuate PPL. However, little is known about the impact of postprandial exercise on systemic inflammation and whether PPL and inflammation are associated.

Glycemic Response and Fermentation of Crystalline Short Linear α-Glucans from Debranched Waxy Maize Starch.

The glycemic index (GI) is used to rank foods based on postprandial blood glucose response. GI test requires that 50 g of available carbohydrate be used. Available carbohydrate is often calculated as total carbohydrate minus dietary fiber; yet, AOAC fiber methods do not always include resistant starch (RS).

The Seated Inactivity Trial (SIT): Physical Activity and Dietary Outcomes Associated With 8 Weeks of Imposed Sedentary Time.

Background: Sedentary time is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases and mortality. It is unknown whether active adults alter their dietary and/or physical activity behaviors in response to imposed sedentary time, possibly modifying risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether imposed sedentary time would alter typical behaviors of active adults.

Fast transmethylation of total lipids in dried blood by microwave irradiation and its application to a population study.

A methodology combining finger-pricked blood sampling, microwave accelerated fatty acid assay, fast gas chromatography data acquisition, and automated data processing was developed, evaluated and applied to a population study. Finger-pricked blood was collected on filter paper previously impregnated with 0.05 mg of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene and air-dried at room temperature.

Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements.

The involvement of the gut microbiota in metabolic disorders, and the ability of whole grains to affect both host metabolism and gut microbial ecology, suggest that some benefits of whole grains are mediated through their effects on the gut microbiome. Nutritional studies that assess the effect of whole grains on both the gut microbiome and human physiology are needed. We conducted a randomized cross-over trial with four-week treatments in which 28 healthy humans consumed a daily dose of 60 g of whole-grain barley (WGB), brown rice (BR), or an equal mixture of the two (BR+WGB), and characterized their impact on fecal microbial ecology and blood markers of inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism.