Development of extended pharmacokinetic models for propofol based on measured blood and brain concentrations.

Propofol's pharmacokinetics have been extensively studied using human blood samples and applied to target-controlled infusion systems; however, information on its concentration in the brain remains scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to simultaneously measure propofol plasma and brain concentrations in patients who underwent awake craniotomy and establish new pharmacokinetic model. Fifty-seven patients with brain tumors or brain lesions who underwent awake craniotomy were sequentially assigned to model-building and validating groups.

Irreversible postoperative cognitive impairment after unruptured intracranial aneurysm treatment in the elderly.

Purpose: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and recovery remain unclear in older patients undergoing interventional therapies for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). This study aimed to compare changes in postoperative cognitive function between younger and older patients and to detect factors associated with non-recovery from postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Methods: This study reviewed 59 consecutive patients with UIAs who underwent interventional therapies, including microsurgical clipping or endovascular treatment, from 2021 to 2022.

Seizure control by adding on other anti-seizure medication on seizure during levetiracetam administration in patients with glioma-related epilepsy.

Background: Epilepsy is a major symptom in patients with glioma. Levetiracetam (LEV) is recognized as a first-line treatment for glioma-related epilepsy. Increasing the LEV dose is allowed into patients with seizure occurrence against its initial dose.

Impact of Morphological Factors on the Future Growth of Unruptured Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms.

Background: No previous study has established the factors associated with intracranial aneurysm growth using imaging data obtained before the appearance of morphological changes. Therefore, we investigated the factors related to future aneurysm growth in posterior communicating artery (Pcom) aneurysms.

Methods: Using a longitudinal database of intracranial aneurysm cases, we reviewed the findings for consecutive patients with unruptured Pcom aneurysms admitted to our institute from 2012 to 2021.

Radiation-Induced Changes Associated with Obliteration of Brain AVMs after Repeat Radiosurgery.

Background And Purpose: Radiation-induced changes can occur after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain AVMs, potentially causing symptomatic complications. We evaluated the incidence of such changes and the efficacy of repeat gamma knife radiosurgery for incompletely obliterated AVMs.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 150 patients who underwent gamma knife radiosurgery for AVMs between 2002 and 2020; twenty-five underwent further radiosurgical procedures for incompletely obliterated AVMs.

RUNX1-Survivin Axis Is a Novel Therapeutic Target for Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a highly aggressive pediatric malignancy with no effective therapy. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a target for the development of novel molecule-targeting therapeutic agents. In this study, we report the importance of the runt-related transcription factor 1 () and RUNX1-Baculoviral IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) Repeat-Containing 5 (BIRC5/survivin) axis in the proliferation of MRT cells, as it can be used as an ideal target for anti-tumor strategies.

A RUNX-targeted gene switch-off approach modulates the BIRC5/PIF1-p21 pathway and reduces glioblastoma growth in mice.

Glioblastoma is the most common adult brain tumour, representing a high degree of malignancy. Transcription factors such as RUNX1 are believed to be involved in the malignancy of glioblastoma. RUNX1 functions as an oncogene or tumour suppressor gene with diverse target genes.

Chlorambucil-conjugated PI-polyamides (Chb-M'), a transcription inhibitor of RUNX family, has an anti-tumor activity against SHH-type medulloblastoma with p53 mutation.

Malignancy of medulloblastoma depends on its molecular classification. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-type medulloblastoma with p53 mutation was recognized as one of the most aggressive types of tumors. We developed a novel drug, chlorambucil-conjugated PI-polyamides (Chb-M'), which was designed to compete with the RUNX consensus DNA-binding site.

Factors associated with somnolence during brain function mapping in awake craniotomy.

Somnolence during brain function mapping is one of the factors that inhibit the accomplishment of the goals of awake craniotomy. We examined the effect of anesthesia depth measured by bispectral index (BIS) during pre-awake phase on somnolence during brain function mapping and also explored the factors associated with somnolence. We examined the association between BIS values during pre-awake phase and somnolence during the first 30 min of brain function mapping in 55 patients who underwent awake craniotomy at Kyoto University Hospital from 2015 to 2018.

Successful treatment of ischemic stroke associated with brachiocephalic artery stenosis using alteplase.

Brachiocephalic artery stenosis rarely causes right hemispheric infarction with associated left hemiparesis. To date, there have been no reported cases of stroke associated with brachiocephalic artery stenosis that were successfully treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA), alteplase. An 80-year-old woman presented with left hemiparesis.

Stability of RNA sequences derived from the coronavirus genome in human cells.

Most viruses inhibit the innate immune system and/or the RNA degradation processes of host cells to construct an advantageous intracellular environment for their survival. Characteristic RNA sequences within RNA virus genomes or RNAs transcribed from DNA virus genomes contribute toward this inhibition. In this study, we developed a method called "Fate-seq" to comprehensively identify the RNA sequences derived from RNA and DNA viruses, contributing RNA stability in the cells.

Oxidized Perilla and Linseed Oils Induce Neuronal Apoptosis by Caspase-Dependent and -Independent Pathways.

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid, is involved in bioregulatory functions. In recent years, the health-promoting effects of vegetable-derived edible oils rich in ALA have attracted attention. ALA has a variety of physiological effects such as anti-arteriosclerotic and antiallergic properties, but is prone to oxidation.

Establishment and characterization of patient-derived cancer models of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are a rare subtype of soft-tissue sarcoma, derived from a peripheral branch or the sheath of the sciatic nerve, brachial plexus, or sacral plexus. The clinical outcomes for MPNST patients with unresectable or metastatic tumors are dismal, and novel therapeutic strategies are required. Although patient-derived cancer cell lines are vital for basic research and preclinical studies, few MPNST cell lines are available from public cell banks.

Effects of low-dose remifentanil infusion on analgesic or antiemetic requirement during brain function mapping: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Pain and discomfort during the awake phase in awake craniotomy should be relieved to facilitate brain mapping. Although some anaesthesiologists use low-dose (0.01-0.

Validity of simplified, calibration-less exercise intensity measurement using resting heart rate during sleep: a method-comparison study with respiratory gas analysis.

Background: The recent development of wearable devices has enabled easy and continuous measurement of heart rate (HR). Exercise intensity can be calculated from HR with indices such as percent HR reserve (%HRR); however, this requires an accurate measurement of resting HR, which can be time-consuming. The use of HR during sleep may be a substitute that considers the calibration-less measurement of %HRR.

Establishment and characterization of novel patient-derived extraskeletal osteosarcoma cell line NCC-ESOS1-C1.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) is a rare mesenchymal malignancy producing osteoid and bone in soft tissue without skeletal attachment. ESOS exhibits chemoresistance and poor prognosis, and is distinct from osseous osteosarcoma. The biological characteristics of ESOS are not fully understood, and patient-derived cell lines of ESOS are not available from public cell banks.

Species-Specific Quantitative Proteomics Profiles of Sarcoma Patient-Derived Models Closely Reflect Their Primary Tumors.

Purpose: The purpose is to examine whether patient-derived sarcoma models recapitulate the spectrum of sarcoma heterogeneity seen in patients.

Experimental Design: To characterize patient-derived models for functional studies, proteomic comparisons with originating sarcomas representative of three intrinsic subtypes by MS are performed.

Results: Human protein profiling is found to be retained with high fidelity in patient-derived models.

Impact of intensively lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on deferred lesion prognosis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of intensively lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level on the deferred lesion prognosis after revascularization deferral based on fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Background: Lowering LDL-C is associated with lower cardiovascular event rate, but its benefit on the deferred lesion prognosis has not been well evaluated.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center, observational study analyzed 192 deferred lesions with FFR value >0.

Systematic Review of the Current Status of Human Sarcoma Cell Lines.

Sarcomas are rare mesenchymal malignant tumors with unique biological and clinical features. Given their diversity, heterogeneity, complexity, and rarity, the clinical management of sarcomas is quite challenging. Cell lines have been used as indispensable tools for both basic research and pre-clinical studies.

Paradoxical embolism caused by ovarian vein thrombosis extending to inferior vena cava in a female with uterine myoma.

Deep vein thrombosis occasionally causes paradoxical embolism in patients with a patent foramen ovale (PFO). We report the case of a 42-year-old female who was hospitalized for stroke. Detailed investigations revealed the existence of a PFO, pulmonary embolism, and ovarian vein thrombosis extending to inferior vena cava.

Carotid Artery Stenting for Symptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis Associated with Moyamoya Disease.

Background: Surgical intervention in a case of internal carotid artery stenosis with moyamoya vessels has not been well described. We present a case with detailed description of the surgical procedure and perioperative management.

Case Description: A 58-year-old man with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis had concurrent moyamoya vessels intracranially.

[Therapeutic Effects of Low-Dose Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Recurrent Brain Metastases].

Objective: Molecularly targeted therapy has been adopted to treat a number of cancers. Bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, is a representative agent used in molecularly targeted therapeutic regimens. However, the therapeutic effect of bevacizumab for the treatment of brain metastases remains unknown.

Anticoagulant therapy for recurrent in-stent thrombosis following carotid artery stenting: A case report.

We report a case in which strict anticoagulant therapy management was useful for a recurrent in-stent thrombosis after carotid artery stenting (CAS). An 84-year-old man presented with cognitive decline that progressed rapidly over two months. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed an acute-stage infarct occurring frequently in the right cerebral hemisphere, and he underwent hospitalization and treatment.