Wellbeing of Family Carers of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK: Longitudinal Study.

Background: Longitudinal studies of family carers of people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic have been very rare. This study investigated trajectories of family-carer wellbeing and the impact of the caring role on carers' health over four time points measured during the COVID-19 pandemic and after all public health restrictions had been lifted (between December 2020 and late 2022) across the United Kingdom.

Methods: Family carers of adults with intellectual disabilities participated through a co-designed, online survey at four time points across the pandemic (2020-2022).

Support for Foods Allowed Under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

Introduction: Millions of U.S. families rely on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to afford food.

What Would Have Helped People With Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities in the UK During COVID-19?

People with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities can be excluded from research and relatively little is known about the experiences of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and their carers during COVID-19. This paper aims to further explore the impact on this group via information provided by paid and family carers. It focuses on key areas such as access to social and health services in addition to questions about health and well-being.

NUP98 fusion proteins and KMT2A-MENIN antagonize PRC1.1 to drive gene expression in AML.

Control of stem cell-associated genes by Trithorax group (TrxG) and Polycomb group (PcG) proteins is frequently misregulated in cancer. In leukemia, oncogenic fusion proteins hijack the TrxG homolog KMT2A and disrupt PcG activity to maintain pro-leukemogenic gene expression, though the mechanisms by which oncofusion proteins antagonize PcG proteins remain unclear. Here, we define the relationship between NUP98 oncofusion proteins and the non-canonical polycomb repressive complex 1.

Crystal structure of a bacterial photoactivated adenylate cyclase determined by serial femtosecond and serial synchrotron crystallography.

OaPAC is a recently discovered blue-light-using flavin adenosine dinucleotide (BLUF) photoactivated adenylate cyclase from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acuminata that uses adenosine triphosphate and translates the light signal into the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Here, we report crystal structures of the enzyme in the absence of its natural substrate determined from room-temperature serial crystallography data collected at both an X-ray free-electron laser and a synchrotron, and we compare these structures with cryo-macromolecular crystallography structures obtained at a synchrotron by us and others. These results reveal slight differences in the structure of the enzyme due to data collection at different temperatures and X-ray sources.

'It's Got Its Ups and Downs': What People With Intellectual Disabilities Living in Supported Living and Residential Care Like and Dislike About Their Home.

Background: Given the current sociopolitical climate, people with intellectual disabilities are spending more time at home. Much housing-related research focuses on informant-completed measures and quantifiable outcomes. By contrast, this article explores the perspectives of adults with intellectual disabilities concerning what they liked or disliked about their homes.

Causal Interpretations of Correlational Evidence Regarding Violence.

Inferring causation from correlation can lead to erroneous explanations of violent behavior and the development and implementation of ineffective or even harmful interventions and policies. This article explores the inferences that violence researchers draw from evidence related to violent offending. We invited authors of articles published in violence journals to complete an online survey in which they were asked to identify a factor that may be a cause of violence, cite a study that demonstrates the factor is associated with violence, and provide their inferences from that study.

Food for thought: The intersection between SNAP stigma, food insecurity, and gender.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) helps millions of families with low incomes to afford and purchase food each year. Prior research has noted that welfare stigma-negative stereotypes about people who participate in public assistance programs-can limit SNAP participation. Stigma may also contribute to worse mental health among subgroups like male participants; qualitative evidence suggests males may struggle to accept public assistance benefits due to norms surrounding gender roles.

(Not) Going Out and Barriers to Leaving the House for People With Intellectual Disabilities Through the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK.

Background: People with intellectual disabilities commonly experience multiple barriers to 'going out'.

Aims: This paper explores what barriers prevented people from going out, and if the extent and nature of going out changed over time for people with intellectual disabilities as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed.

Methods: Data are drawn from a wider study that explored, at four time points, the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities through the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.

Metagenomics in the Diagnosis of Pneumonia: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Background: Causative pathogens are currently identified in only a minority of pneumonia cases, which affects antimicrobial stewardship. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has potential to enhance pathogen detection due to its sensitivity and broad applicability. However, while studies have shown improved sensitivity compared with conventional microbiological methods for pneumonia diagnosis, it remains unclear whether this can translate into clinical benefit.

Efficacy of the Enteroadsorbent Silicol®gel in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtypes IBS-D or Mixed: Observational Open-Label Study.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gut-brain interaction disorder with limited effective treatment options. Intestinal adsorbents have a high adsorption capacity for gut irritants and may provide nonpharmacological alternatives.

Objectives: This post marketing study is aimed at providing up-to-date evidence to support the safety and efficacy in normal use of an established medical device for IBS treatment.

Mental Health and Mental Health Care Utilization Across Political Affiliation in U.S. Adults.

In the past decade, depression has become more visible in the public conversation; depression has also become bound in national divides. We sought to assess (1) whether positive screen for depression is associated with political party affiliation and (2) whether use of mental health care varies by political affiliation. Positive screen for depression did not differ significantly for Republicans versus Democrats in Spring 2023.

The influence of therapy quality on outcomes from behavioural activation and guided self-help treatments for depression in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Objectives: We report the effect of quality of therapy delivery on outcomes in a randomized, controlled trial of behavioural activation (BA) and guided self-help (GSH) for depression in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: A study specific measure of quality was used in a linear mixed effect model to determine the effects therapy and therapy quality on therapy outcome.

Results: There was a significant interaction between quality and treatment type, with lower quality therapy associated with better outcome for GSH but poorer outcome for BA, with little difference in outcomes at higher levels of therapy quality.

PRELIMINARY IMPACT OF SUPPORTIVE HOUSING ON HOSPITAL UTILIZATION FOR INDIVIDUALS EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS.

Housing instability has been shown to negatively impact physical and mental health, with a corresponding increase in health care utilization. In 2019, through a Maryland Medicaid 1115 Health Choice Waiver, 10 Baltimore city hospitals joined with the city of Baltimore and the local nonprofit Health Care for the Homeless to support an innovative program that provides permanent housing and wraparound services to individuals at risk of homelessness. Here, we describe the inception of the program and its subsequent expansion with the investment of the city hospitals.

What do people with intellectual disabilities, their family members and paid carers understand about psychotropic medication? A rapid review.

Background: People with intellectual disabilities are more likely to be prescribed psychotropic medication than the general population and are frequently prescribed multiple medications. Understanding people with intellectual disabilities and carer perspectives is essential to improving the quality of psychotropic medication prescribing and usage.

Method: A rapid review explored people with intellectual disabilities' understanding of psychotropic medications, as well as family members and paid carers, and how this understanding can be improved.

Depression and assets during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study of mental health across income and savings groups.

The prevalence of depression in U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic has been high overall and particularly high among persons with fewer assets.

Mental Health and U.S. Attitudes Toward Social Determinants of Health Policies.

Introduction: Research has suggested that individual health may influence policy attitudes, yet the relationship between mental health and policy support is understudied. Clarifying this relationship may help inform policies that can improve the population mental health. To address this gap, this study measures national support for 5 social determinants of health policy priorities and their relation to mental health and political affiliation.

Lack of effect from genetic deletion of Hdac6 in a humanized mouse model of CMT2D.

Background: Inhibition of HDAC6 has been proposed as a broadly applicable therapeutic strategy for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Inhibition of HDAC6 increases the acetylation of proteins important in axonal trafficking, such as α-tubulin and Miro, and has been shown to be efficacious in several preclinical studies using mouse models of CMT.

Aims: Here, we sought to expand on previous preclinical studies by testing the effect of genetic deletion of Hdac6 on mice carrying a humanized knockin allele of Gars1, a model of CMT-type 2D.

Adapting psychological interventions for people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities: A behavioural activation exemplar.

Background: People with severe to profound intellectual disabilities experience similar or higher levels of depression than those with more mild intellectual disabilities. Yet, there is an absence of evidence about how to adapt existing psychological therapies for this population.

Method: A behavioural activation intervention (BeatIt) for people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities was adapted for people with severe to profound intellectual disabilities and depression.

Behavioural activation for depressive symptoms in adults with severe to profound intellectual disabilities: Modelling and initial feasibility study.

Background: Almost no research has been published reporting on evaluations of the effectiveness of psychological interventions for people with severe to profound intellectual disabilities and depression. This paper describes the development and initial feasibility testing of an adapted Behavioural Activation therapy (BeatIt2) for this population.

Method: Phase 1 of the study examined participant recruitment and willingness to be randomised in the context of a planned Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT).

Inclusive and intersectoral: community health improvement planning opportunities to advance the social determinants of health and health equity.

Background: Community health improvement plans (CHIPs) are strategic planning tools that help local communities identify and address their public health needs. Many local health departments have developed a CHIP, yet there is a lack of research on the extent to which these plans address root causes of health disparities such as the social determinants of health. This study aims to inventory the social determinants of health included in 13 CHIPs and examine facilitators and challenges faced by local health departments and partners when trying to include the social determinants of health.