RETRACTED: Skelton et al. Contribution of Host Immune Responses against Influenza D Virus Infection toward Secondary Bacterial Infection in a Mouse Model. 2019, , 994.

The Editorial Office retracts the article, "Contribution of Host Immune Responses Against Influenza D Virus Infection Toward Secondary Bacterial Infection in a Mouse Model" [...

The effects of wearing textured versus smooth shoe insoles for 4-weeks in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a randomised controlled trial.

Purpose: To determine whether short-term wear of textured insoles alters balance, gait, foot sensation, physical activity, or patient-reported outcomes, in people with diabetic neuropathy.

Materials And Methods: 53 adults with diabetic neuropathy were randomised to wear textured or smooth insoles for 4-weeks. At baseline and post-intervention, balance (foam/firm surface; eyes open/closed) and walking were assessed whilst barefoot, wearing shoes only, and two insoles (textured/smooth).

Prime editing functionally corrects cystic fibrosis-causing CFTR mutations in human organoids and airway epithelial cells.

Prime editing is a recent, CRISPR-derived genome editing technology capable of introducing precise nucleotide substitutions, insertions, and deletions. Here, we present prime editing approaches to correct L227R- and N1303K-CFTR, two mutations that cause cystic fibrosis and are not eligible for current market-approved modulator therapies. We show that, upon DNA correction of the CFTR gene, the complex glycosylation, localization, and, most importantly, function of the CFTR protein are restored in HEK293T and 16HBE cell lines.

The effects of vibrating shoe insoles on standing balance, walking, and ankle-foot muscle activity in adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes, which can lead to impaired balance and walking. Innovative footwear devices designed to stimulate foot sensory receptors, such as vibrating insoles, could offer a new route to improve motor impairments in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Research Question: Does wearing vibrating insoles for the first time alter measures of balance, walking, and ankle-foot muscle activity, in people with DPN?

Methods: A randomised cross-over study was conducted with 18 ambulant men and women with a diagnosis of DPN.

Genetic control of DNA methylation is largely shared across European and East Asian populations.

DNA methylation is an ideal trait to study the extent of the shared genetic control across ancestries, effectively providing hundreds of thousands of model molecular traits with large QTL effect sizes. We investigate cis DNAm QTLs in three European (n = 3701) and two East Asian (n = 2099) cohorts to quantify the similarities and differences in the genetic architecture across populations. We observe 80,394 associated mQTLs (62.

Predictors of real-world adherence to prescribed home exercise in older patients with a risk of falling: A prospective observational study.

Objectives: Using a multi-ethnic Asian population, this study assessed adherence to prescribed home exercise programs, explored factors predicting adherence, and evaluated whether home exercise adherence was associated with physical activity.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 68 older adults (aged ≥65 years) from two geriatric outpatient clinics in Singapore, who were receiving tailored home exercises while undergoing 6 weeks of outpatient physical therapy for falls prevention. Adherence was measured as the percentage of prescribed sessions completed.

Putting bicarbonate on the spot: pharmacological insights for CFTR correction in the airway epithelium.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by defective Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) proteins. CFTR controls chloride (Cl) and bicarbonate (HCO ) transport into the Airway Surface Liquid (ASL). We investigated the impact of F508del-CFTR correction on HCO secretion by studying transepithelial HCO fluxes.

Theratyping cystic fibrosis patients to guide elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor out-of-label prescription.

Background: Around 20% of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) do not have access to the triple combination elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) in Europe because they do not carry the F508del allele on the CF transmembrane conductance regulator () gene. Considering that pwCF carrying rare variants may benefit from ETI, including variants already validated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a compassionate use programme was launched in France. PwCF were invited to undergo a nasal brushing to investigate whether the pharmacological rescue of CFTR activity by ETI in human nasal epithelial cell (HNEC) cultures was predictive of the clinical response.

Blood-based genome-wide DNA methylation correlations across body-fat- and adiposity-related biochemical traits.

The recent increase in obesity levels across many countries is likely to be driven by nongenetic factors. The epigenetic modification DNA methylation (DNAm) may help to explore this, as it is sensitive to both genetic and environmental exposures. While the relationship between DNAm and body-fat traits has been extensively studied, there is limited literature on the shared associations of DNAm variation across such traits.

The Effect of Surgeon Volume on Revision for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: An Analysis of 602,919 Primary Total Knee Arthroplasties.

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). An association between low surgeon volume and higher rates of infection following primary TKA has been suggested. The purpose of the present study was to determine if there was a relationship between surgeon volume and the rate of revision for infection after primary TKA.

Nonsense mutations accelerate lung disease and decrease survival of cystic fibrosis children.

Rationale: Limited information is available on the clinical status of people with Cystic Fibrosis (pwCF) carrying 2 nonsense mutations (PTC/PTC). The main objective of this study was to compare disease severity between pwCF PTC/PTC, compound heterozygous for F508del and PTC (F508del/PTC) and homozygous for F508del (F508del+/+).

Methods: Based on the European CF Society Patient Registry clinical data of pwCF living in high and middle income European and neighboring countries, PTC/PTC (n = 657) were compared with F508del+/+ (n = 21,317) and F508del/PTC(n = 4254).

Patient and Parent Well-Being and Satisfaction With Diabetes Care During a Comparative Trial of Mobile Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Technology and Family-Centered Goal Setting.

Patient engagement in the process of developing a diabetes treatment plan is associated with person-centered care and improved treatment outcomes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the self-reported patient and parent-centered satisfaction and well-being outcomes associated with the three treatment strategies utilized in a comparative effectiveness trial of technology-enhanced blood glucose monitoring and family-centered goal setting. We evaluated data from 97 adolescent-parent pairs at baseline and 6-months during the randomized intervention.

Scratching the Surface Takes a Toll: Immune Recognition of Viral Proteins by Surface Toll-like Receptors.

Early innate viral recognition by the host is critical for the rapid response and subsequent clearance of an infection. Innate immune cells patrol sites of infection to detect and respond to invading microorganisms including viruses. Surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that can be activated by viruses even before the host cell becomes infected.

Immediate effects of wearing textured versus smooth insoles on standing balance and spatiotemporal gait patterns when walking over even and uneven surfaces in people with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: To investigate the immediate effects of wearing novel sensory-stimulating textured insoles on balance and gait in 41 people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).

Materials And Methods: Assessments of balance (firm/foam surface; eyes open/closed) and walking (when negotiating even/uneven surfaces) were performed wearing textured insoles, smooth insoles, shoes only, and barefoot. Outcome measures were centre of pressure (CoP) movement during standing (elliptical area, sway path velocity) and spatiotemporal gait patterns (stride/step width, stride time, double-limb support time, stride length, velocity).

Isolation, cultivation, and application of primary respiratory epithelial cells obtained by nasal brushing, polyp samples, or lung explants.

Here, we present a standardized protocol for isolation, maintenance, and polarization of the respiratory epithelial primary cells from patient samples acquired from nasal brushing, polyp specimens, or lung explants. This protocol generates a clearly defined polarized layer of epithelial cells on filters, with a good number of ciliated cells and a thin layer of mucus. We detail the steps for samples prepared from patients with cystic fibrosis as well as from subjects without cystic fibrosis.

Barriers to and Facilitators of Adherence to Prescribed Home Exercise in Older Adults at Risk of Falling in Singapore: A Qualitative Study.

Adherence to prescribed exercise poses significant challenges for older adults despite proven benefits. The aim of this exploratory descriptive qualitative study was to explore the perceived barriers to and facilitators of prescribed home exercise adherence in community-dwelling adults 65 years and older. Three focus groups with 17 older adults (Mage ± SD = 77 ± 5.

Ostrich eggshell beads from Ga-Mohana Hill North Rockshelter, southern Kalahari, and the implications for understanding social networks during Marine Isotope Stage 2.

Ostrich eggshell (OES) beads from southern African archaeological contexts shed light on past traditions of personal ornamentation, and they are also argued to provide a proxy for understanding past social networks. However, OES beads are often understudied and not reported on in detail. In particular, there has been little research on OES bead variation during Marine Isotope Stage 2 (29,000-12,000 years ago) which includes the Last Glacial Maximum when changing climatic conditions are hypothesized to have significant impact on forager social networks.

Total shoulder replacement stems in osteoarthritis-short, long, or reverse? An analysis of the impact of crosslinked polyethylene.

Background: The 2021 Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) report indicated that total shoulder replacement using both midhead (TMH) length humeral components and reverse arthroplasty (RTSA) had a lower revision rate than stemmed humeral components in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA)-for all prosthesis types and diagnoses. However, there are many factors that affect the outcome of total shoulder replacement, including stem length and polarity, polyethylene type, and glenoid fixation (cemented vs. cementless).

Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells: Biobanking in the Context of Precision Medicine.

Human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells are easy to collect by simple, non-invasive nasal brushing. Patient-derived primary HNE cells can be amplified and differentiated into a pseudo-stratified epithelium in air-liquid interface conditions to quantify cyclic AMP-mediated Chloride (Cl) transport as an index of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) function. If critical steps such as quality of nasal brushing and cell density upon cryopreservation are performed efficiently, HNE cells can be successfully biobanked.