Cohnella fontinalis sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from fresh water.

A novel xylan-degrading bacterium, YT-1101(T), was isolated from fresh water. The isolate was a Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YT-1101(T) belonged to the genus Cohnella, sharing sequence similarities of less than 94 % with the type species.

Bartonella japonica sp. nov. and Bartonella silvatica sp. nov., isolated from Apodemus mice.

Two bacterial strains, Fuji 18-1(T) and Fuji 23-1(T), were isolated from the blood of the small Japanese field mouse (Apodemus argenteus) and the large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus), respectively, specimens of which were captured in the forest of Mount Fuji, Japan. Phenotypic characterization (growth conditions, incubation periods, biochemical properties and cell morphologies), DNA G+C contents (40.1 mol% for strain Fuji 18-1(T) and 40.

Clostridium clariflavum sp. nov. and Clostridium caenicola sp. nov., moderately thermophilic, cellulose-/cellobiose-digesting bacteria isolated from methanogenic sludge.

Two novel anaerobic, moderately thermophilic and cellulose-/cellobiose-digesting bacteria, EBR45(T) and EBR596(T), were isolated from anaerobic sludge of a cellulose-degrading methanogenic bioreactor. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belonged to cluster III within the low-G+C-content Gram-positive bacteria. The close relatives of EBR45(T) were Clostridium straminisolvens DSM 16021(T) (sequence identity, 94.

Filimonas lacunae gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from fresh water.

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, filamentous and viscous exopolymer-producing bacterium, designated strain YT21(T), was isolated from fresh water. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YT21(T) lies within a cluster containing the established genera Segetibacter, Terrimonas, Niastella and Chitinophaga in the phylum Bacteroidetes. However, the isolate represented a lineage distinct from these genera, with sequence similarities ranging from 88.

Isolation of bacteria whose growth is dependent on high levels of CO2 and implications of their potential diversity.

Although some bacteria require an atmosphere with high CO(2) levels for their growth, CO(2) is not generally supplied to conventional screening cultures. Here, we isolated 84 bacterial strains exhibiting high-CO(2) dependence. Their phylogenetic affiliations imply that high-CO(2) culture has potential as an effective method to isolate unknown microorganisms.

Lutispora thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, spore-forming bacterium isolated from a thermophilic methanogenic bioreactor digesting municipal solid wastes.

A novel anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium (strain EBR46T) was isolated from an enrichment culture derived from an anaerobic thermophilic (55 degrees C) methanogenic bioreactor treating artificial solid wastes. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed strain EBR46T within a distinct lineage between Clostridium clusters II and III. The closest recognized relative of strain EBR46T was Gracilibacter thermotolerans DSM 17427T (85.

Isolation and characterization of a new Clostridium sp. that performs effective cellulosic waste digestion in a thermophilic methanogenic bioreactor.

A methanogenic bioreactor that utilized wastepaper was developed and operated at 55 degrees C. Microbial community structure analysis showed the presence of a group of clostridia that specifically occurred during the period of high fermentation efficiency. To isolate the effective cellulose digester, the sludge that exhibited high fermentation efficiency was inoculated into a synthetic medium that contained cellulose powder as the sole carbon source and was successively cultivated.