Mortality of adult intensive care units in Turkey using the APACHE II and SOFA systems (outcome assessment in Turkish intensive care units).

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate intensive care unit (ICU) performance using risk-adjusted ICU mortality rates nationally, assessing patients who died or had been discharged from the ICU. For this purpose, this study analyzed the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) databases, containing detailed clinical and physiological information and mortality of mixed critically ill patients in a medical ICU at secondary and tertiary referral ICUs in Turkey.

Material And Methods: A total of 690 adult intensive care units in Turkey were included in the study.

The beneficial effects of ozone therapy in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the therapeutic effects of medical ozone therapy on acute acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity which were not clearly demonstrated in prior studies.

Method: Twenty-four mice were randomly assigned into three equal groups: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (APAP) and Group 3 (APAP +ozone). Hepatotoxicity was induced by APAP given as a single dose of 300mg/kg intraperitoneally in Groups 2 and 3.

Evaluation of the relationship between the topographical anatomy in the axillary region of the brachial plexus and the body mass index.

To investigate the topographic anatomy of the median, musculocutaneous, radial and ulnar nerves with respect to the axillary artery and to seek whether these configurations are associated with baseline descriptive data including age, gender, and body-mass index. This cross-sectional trial was carried out on 199 patients (85 women, 114 men; average age: 46.78 ± 15.

Importance of the Upper Extremity Position for a Safe and Effective Axillary Block: a Comparative Study.

Objective: Our aim was to determine the ideal position of upper extremities during ultrasonography guidance for axillary block. The position that provides the shortest distance between the median and musculocutaneous nerves was assumed to be the most appropriate position for axillary block.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 (45 female and 75 male) patients were placed in a position with a shoulder at 90° / elbow 90° (position 1) and a shoulder 90° / elbow 0° (position 2).

Propofol attenuates cytokine-mediated upregulation of expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and apoptosis during regeneration post-partial hepatectomy.

Purpose:: To determine the effects of propofol and ketamine anesthesia on liver regeneration in rats after partial hepatectomy (PHT).

Methods:: Male Wistar albino rats were assigned randomly to four groups of 10. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol in groups 1 and 2, and with ketamine in groups 3 and 4.

Effect of ozone and methylprednisolone treatment following crush type sciatic nerve injury.

Purpose:: To assess and compare the histopathological effects of ozone therapy and/or methylprednisolone (MPS) treatment on regeneration after crush type sciatic nerve injury.

Methods:: Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Four groups received the following regimens intraperitoneally every day for 14 days after formation of crush type injury on sciatic nerve: Group I: ozone (20mcg/ml); Group II: methylprednisolone (2mg/kg); Group III: ozone (20 mcg/ml) and methylprednisolone (2mg/kg); Group IV: isotonic saline (0.

Enteral nutrition preference in critical care: fibre-enriched or fibre-free?

Background And Objectives: This study's main aim was to observe the effects of a fibre-enriched nutrition solution on requisite feeding volume, which is directly proportional to energy intake in mechanically ventilated patients with enteral nutrition.

Methods And Study Design: Some 120 patients who required mechanical ventilation and enteral nutrition with a nasogastric tube were studied. Upon ICU admission, the patient's age, gender, weight, height, comorbidities, diagnosis and APACHE II score were recorded.

Wernicke's Encephalopathy After Longterm Feeding with Parenteral Nutrition.

Wernicke's encephalopathy occurs due to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency which is characterized by occulomotor dysfunction, confusion and ataxia. Although it is most common with alcoholism, can also be seen due to hyperemesis caused by chemotherapy, Crohn's disease, gastrointestinal system surgery, AIDS, bariatric surgery and longterm feeding with parenteral nutrition. In this case, a 51-year-old woman who was treated with longterm total parenteral nutrition due to hyperemesis and had the diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy after admission to the intensive care unit is presented.

Diphenylhydantoin Induced DRESS Syndrome: A Case Report.

Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms" (DRESS) syndrome is a severe adverse drug reaction. The drugs most often implicated are anti-convulsants, bupropion, sulfonamides, sulfasalazine, allopurinol, minocycline, abacavir and neviparine. There are also immune and infectious causes that can lead to DRESS syndrome.

The effects of carbohydrate-rich drink on perioperative discomfort, insulin response and arterial pressure in spinal aesthesia.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of carbohydrate-rich drink (CHO) on perioperative discomfort, hemodynamic changes, and insulin response in patients undergoing surgery with spinal anesthesia.

Methods: Forty-four adult patients were assigned to one of the two groups of 22, namely preparation with CHO (CHO group) or fasting from midnight (control group). Ten different discomfort variables, blood glucose and insulin concentrations, and hemodynamic changes were recorded during the perioperative period.

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors attenuate renal tubular apoptosis after partial unilateral ureteral obstruction: an experimental study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors on renal tubular apoptosis and also on expressions of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) in the ipsilateral kidney after partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) in a rat model. Forty Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. In Groups 1-4, left experimental PUUO was created.

Preventive effects of propofol and ketamine on renal injury in unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of propofol and ketamine as anesthetics on renal injury in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UO).

Methods: Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups of six rabbits each. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol in groups 1 and 2 and with ketamine in groups 3 and 4.

Ginkgo biloba (EGB 761) affects apoptosis and nitric-oxide synthases in testicular torsion: an experimental study.

Introduction: We investigated the effect of ginkgo biloba on germ cell apoptosis and also on expressions of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthases after testicular torsion.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Torsion/detorsion (T/D) was performed on the rats in group 1, group 2 received ginkgo biloba for a month before T/D, group 3 received only gingko biloba for a month, and group 4 was the sham group.

Dexmedetomidine reduces the ischemia-reperfusion injury markers during upper extremity surgery with tourniquet.

Purpose: We examined the effect of dexmedetomidine on ischemia-reperfusion injury due to tourniquet application during upper-extremity surgery by determining blood malondialdehyde and hypoxanthine levels. Alterations in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, uric acid, and creatinine levels were also assessed.

Methods: Forty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to II having hand and forearm surgery with tourniquet were randomly allocated into 2 groups.

Dexmedetomidine attenuates the hemodynamic and neuroendocrinal responses to skull-pin head-holder application during craniotomy.

We tested dexmedetomidine, an alpha2 agonist, for its ability to decrease heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and neuroendocrinal responses to skull-pin head-holder application during craniotomy. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, 40 patients undergoing craniotomy with attachment of a pin head-holder were randomly assigned to one of 2 equal groups. The placebo group received saline, whereas the treatment group (DEX group) received a single bolus dose of dexmedetomidine (1 microg/kg) intravenously over 10 minutes before induction of anesthesia.

Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) usage attenuates testicular injury induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in rats.

Introduction: We investigated the effect of ginkgo biloba on testicular ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two Wistar Albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Torsion/detorsion (T/D) performed to the rats in group 1, group 2 received ginkgo biloba (50 mg/day) for a month before T/D, group 3 received only gingko biloba (50 mg/day) for a month and group 4 was defined as sham group.

Effect of phospodiesterase 5 inhibitors on apoptosis and nitric oxide synthases in testis torsion: an experimental study.

To investigate the effects of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitors, sildenafil citrate and vardenafil HCl, on testicular germ cell apoptosis and also on the expressions of eNOS and iNOS within the bilateral testis after a unilateral torsion in a rat model. Forty-eight Wistar Albino rats, weighing between 210 and 262 g, were housed in individual cages. The rats were randomly assigned into four main groups and each group received drugs.

The protective effects of intravenous anesthetics and verapamil in gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury.

Background: We investigated the protective effects of IV anesthetics and verapamil in gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury.

Methods: Forty male Wistar Albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 rats each. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol in Groups 1 and 3 and with thiopental in Groups 2 and 4 during the experiment.