The effect of virtual reality glasses on pain and patient satisfaction in arteriovenous fistula cannulation procedure.

Aims: To determine the effect of virtual reality glasses intervention on pain, vital signs, and patient satisfaction of hemodialysis patients undergoing AVF catheter puncture.

Design: Randomized controlled study.

Methods: The study was conducted in 60 patients receiving dialysis treatment in the HD unit of a public hospital in Turkey.

Ocular Symptoms In COVID-19 Infection: A Survey Study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) systemic symptoms and sequelae have been studied extensively, but less is known about the characterization, duration, and long-term sequelae of ocular symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency, spectrum, and duration of ocular symptoms in participants with COVID-19 infection treated in inpatient and outpatient settings. A retrospective electronic survey was distributed to NIH employees and the public who reported testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Phenotypic and Genetic Spectrum of Autosomal Recessive Bestrophinopathy and Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy.

Purpose: Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) and vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD) are distinct phenotypes, typically inherited through recessive and dominant patterns, respectively. Recessively inherited VMD (arVMD) has been reported, suggesting that dominant and recessive BEST1-related retinopathies represent a single disease spectrum. This study compares adVMD, arVMD, and ARB to determine whether a continuum exists and to define clinical and genetic features to aid diagnosis and management.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Changes in Choroidal Vasculature following Treatment in Punctate Inner Choroidopathy.

: To describe the changes seen on optical coherence tomography angiography [OCTA] in patients with PIC following immunosuppressive therapy.: We reviewed serial OCTA scans from five consecutive PIC patients (5 eyes) with at least 3 months of follow-up, who underwent imaging before and after immunosuppressive therapy. Using ImageJ, superficial and deep retinal vasculature were analyzed for vessel area and foveal avascular zone.

Gradient Boosted Decision Tree Classification of Endophthalmitis Versus Uveitis and Lymphoma from Aqueous and Vitreous IL-6 and IL-10 Levels.

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of gradient boosting to classify endophthalmitis versus uveitis and lymphoma by intraocular cytokine levels.

Method: Patient diagnoses and aqueous and vitreous levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were retrospectively extracted from a National Eye Institute Histopathology Core database and compared by Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn tests. A gradient-boosted decision tree classifier was trained to differentiate endophthalmitis versus uveitis and lymphoma from vitreous IL-6 and IL-10, vitreous IL-6 only, and aqueous IL-6 only data sets; and was tested with 80-20 train-test split and 3-fold cross-validation of the training set.

Gender disparities in ocular inflammatory disorders.

Ocular inflammatory disorders disproportionately affect women, and the majority of affected women are of childbearing age. The role of sex or reproductive hormones has been proposed in many other inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, and findings from non-ocular autoimmune diseases suggest a complex interaction between sex hormones, genetic factors and the immune system. However, despite the age and sex bias, factors that influence this disparity are complicated and unclear.

A rare case of endogenous Aspergillus conicus endophthalmitis in an immunocompromised patient.

Background: The purpose of this study was to report the case of a patient with bilateral panuveitis who was found to have a rarely reported intraocular fungus, Aspergillus conicus. A 40-year-old man presented with gradual vision loss in both eyes. He had bilateral anterior uveitis, granulomatous vitritis with a preretinal granuloma in the right eye, and nongranulomatous vitritis with two quadrants of chorioretinal scarring in the left.

Update on ocular tuberculosis.

Purpose Of Review: Despite recent downtrends, tuberculosis remains a worldwide public health concern. This review provides an update on recent demographic data, clinical and experimental data, and diagnostic modalities.

Recent Findings: Quantitative PCR showing mycobacterial load in intraocular fluids may have an emerging role in the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis when used in combination with ophthalmic features of tuberculosis.

Fundus autofluorescence imaging of the white dot syndromes.

Objective: To characterize the fundus autofluorescence (FAF) findings in patients with white dot syndromes (WDSs).

Methods: Patients with WDSs underwent ophthalmic examination, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and FAF imaging. Patients were categorized as having no, minimal, or predominant foveal hypoautofluorescence.

Fundus autofluorescence changes in cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe fundus autofluorescence imaging features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and to correlate fundus autofluorescence features with clinical activity.

Methods: A retrospective case series was undertaken to evaluate nine eyes of six patients with active CMV retinitis. Patients were evaluated with a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence imaging, and fundus photography.

High-dose humanized anti-IL-2 receptor alpha antibody (daclizumab) for the treatment of active, non-infectious uveitis.

Purpose: This study was designed to provide preliminary data regarding the safety and efficacy of high-dose humanized anti-IL-2 receptor (daclizumab) therapy for the treatment of active intermediate, posterior or panuveitis.

Methods: Five patients were recruited into this non-randomized, prospective pilot study of high-dose intravenous induction daclizumab therapy given at doses of 8mg/kg at day 0 and 4mg/kg at day 14. Patients who did not meet a safety endpoint at the 3-week follow-up evaluation were given the option of continuing therapy with subcutaneous daclizumab at 2mg/kg every 4 weeks for 52 weeks.

A double-masked, randomized study to investigate the safety and efficacy of daclizumab to treat the ocular complications related to Behçet's disease.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of daclizumab (Zenapax, humanized anti-Tac, HAT) in controlling the ocular manifestations of Behçet's disease.

Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial.

Participants: Seventeen participants with Behçet's disease experiencing at least two prior ocular attacks and requiring treatment with immunosuppressive agents for the ocular complications of Behçet's disease.

Humanized anti-interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor alpha therapy: long-term results in uveitis patients and preliminary safety and activity data for establishing parameters for subcutaneous administration.

Therapy for severe uveitis is frequently long-term immunosuppression using systemic corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents, but side effects make long-term therapy difficult. A long-term (>4 year) Phase I/II single armed interventional study using intravenous anti-IL-2 receptor alpha treatments (daclizumab) and a short-term Phase II study evaluating the use of a subcutaneous daclizumab formulation were conducted. Patients were tapered off their systemic immunosuppressive therapy and received daclizumab infusions or subcutaneous injections at intervals varying from 2 to 6 weeks.

Subclinical inflammation after laser in situ keratomileusis in corneal grafts.

Purpose: To evaluate postoperative inflammatory reaction in the eye after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in corneal grafts.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Methods: Ten eyes of 9 patients with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and significant postoperative refractive errors and astigmatism had LASIK 22 months or more after the PKP.