In Vitro Effects of tyrosinase on the Egg and Adult Worm of .

Background: Several species of streptomycetes, saprophytic bacteria found widely distributed in soil, water and plants, produce bioactive compounds such as intra and extracellular hydrolases including lytic enzymes which reflecting on their importance in the biological control of insects and parasites. This study assessed the in vitro effects of tyrosinase, produced from spp. isolated from Egyptian soil, on animal-parasitic nematode , in terms of egg development and adult worm's cuticular structure, and as an alternative strategy to alleviate this infection.

In Vitro Assessment of Fruit Methanolic Extract on the Adult .

Background: The effectiveness of anthelmintics may diminish within approximately 10 yr of use relying on several factors such as anthelmintic resistance. This study aimed to assess in vitro effect of fruits extract on the cuticle of adult worm of as naturally alternative therapy.

Methods: fruits were procured from the local markets in Aswan, Upper Egypt and authenticated at the Herbarium of National Research Centre.

Anthelmintic efficacy of seed methanolic extract against .

The current study was carried out to assess in vitro and in vivo effects of seed methanolic extract on to develop an alternative source of treatment. The in vitro ovicidal effect of seed extract on immature eggs has provided evidence of inhibitory activity on the vitality and hatchability of eggs. This inhibitory activity was concentration-dependent and also correlated strongly with the exposure time.

Immunological evaluation of some antigens of larvae.

The present study aimed to select an antigen of larvae showing both high antigenicity and cross-reactive binding abilities with other related antigens of larvae for obtaining a promising candidate vaccine antigen. The ELISA results primary concluded that among the excretory secretory (ES) and midgut (MG) antigens of the different larval instars of , MGL2 could be characterized as antigen which was able to reflect the highest level of antigenicity and cross-reactivity with the other tested antigens. The results were extended to spot the light on the relation between different protein bands in MGL2 and rabbit hyper- immune sera (HIS) raised against the other tested antigens using SDS-PAGE and Western blot technique.

Evaluation of crude larval protein and recombinant somatic protein 26/23 (rHcp26/23) immunization against in sheep.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential possibility of crude larval and recombinant (rHcp26/23) antigens of for immunization to control sheep hemonchosis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 21 lambs were divided into five groups. Lambs were immunized with larval and recombinant (rHcp26/23) proteins at day 0 and day 14 and after that challenged with 5000 infective larvae of on day 42.

Tegumental Effects of Methanolic Extract of Fruits on Adult (Fischoeder 1901) under Laboratory Conditions.

Background: Weak efficacy of different fasciolicidal compounds used for treatment of paramphistomosis has drawn the attention of many authors to alternative drugs. The purpose of this study was to assess, for the first time, the effect of the methanolic extract of fruits (BAE) on adult .

Methods: The effect of BAE on adult after 24 h incubating the parasites in RPMI 1640 culture medium containing 10, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml BAE was determined by light and scanning electron microscopic studies.

Larvicidal activity of camphor and lavender oils against sheep blowfly, (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

In this study, the essential oils of camphor and lavender were tested in vitro against the third instar larvae of for the first time, following dipping toxicity technique. The toxicity results revealed that larvae were susceptible to the applied essential oils. Lavender oil was more effective than camphor in killing of larvae.

In vitro tegumental alterations on adult Fasciola gigantica caused by mefloquine.

Emergence of drug-resistant Fasciola strains has drawn the attention of many authors to alternative drugs. The purpose of this study is to explore the in vitro effect of the antimalarial mefloquine against adult Fasciola gigantica. Light and scanning electron microscopic observations could be used to determine the target of the drug following 6 and 12 h of incubation in medium containing mefloquine at three different concentrations 10, 20 and 30 μg/mL, as morphological changes could be observed.

Diagnotic value of some Fasciola gigantica antigens.

The present study was aimed to select the specificity of antigens for Fasciola gigantica depending on its diagnostic utility and field applications. The tested antigens were coproantigen, excretory-secretory (ES) antigen and egg antigen. Coproantigen and Copro Hyperimmune serum were able to reflect the lowest level of cross-reaction with other tested F.

Detection of Coproantigens by Sandwich ELISA in Rabbits Experimentally Infected with Fasciola gigantica.

Background: The study was targeted to report the appearance of coproantigens in feces and circulating antibodies in the serum of Fasciola gigantica experimentally infected rabbits.

Methods: Copro Hyper Immune Serum (HIS) and Excretory-Secretory Hyper Immune Serum (ES HIS) antigens were used in a sandwich ELISA for the detection of F. gigantica antigens in feces of 12 rabbits experimentally infected with different doses of F.

Tegumental histological effects of Mirazid(®) and myrrh volatile oil on adult Fasciola gigantica.

Objective: To evaluated the histological changes within the tegument of adult Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) that led to the gross changes that were visible externally.

Methods: The effects of oleoresin extract of myrrh (Mirazid(®)), myrrh volatile oil and triclabendazole sulphoxide (reference drug) on the tegumental structure of adult F.

Anthelmintics Resistance; How to Overcome it?

Many parasitic helminthes of veterinary importance have genetic features that favor development of anthelmintic resistance, this becoming a major worldwide constrain in livestock production. The development of anthelmintic resistance poses a large threat to future production and welfare of grazing animals. Development of variable degrees of resistance among different species of gastrointestinal nematodes has been reported for all the major groups of anthelmintic drugs.

Efficacy of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits on Toxocara vitulorum.

In this study, the effect of the methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits (BAE) on adult Toxocara vitulorum was evaluated after incubating the parasites in Ringer solution containing 10, 30, 60, 120 and 240 μg/ml of the methanolic extract, for 24h using light and scanning electron microscopic observations. Differences in response to BAE action were concentration dependent. These changes occurred in definite sequences in response to BAE concentration and were consisted of slightly swelling which became pronounced and so severe, with lips showed wrinkled cuticular surface and deformed sensory papillae on increasing the BAE concentration.

Efficacy of volatile oils (curzerene, furanoeudesma-1, 3-diene and lindestrene) on avian coccidiosis under laboratory conditions.

The coccidicidal efficacy of volatile oils (curzerene, furanoeudesma-1, 3-diene and lindestrene) against unsporulated and sporulated chicken Eimeria species oocysts was tested in three concentrations: 1, 2 & 3 microg/ml. Marked reduction in the number of living oocysts was recorded in exposed groups. The concentration of 3 microg/ml volatile oils induced the highest destructive effect.

Effect of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits on enteral and parenteral stages of Trichinella spiralis in rats.

There is a considerable interest in developing new anthelmintic drugs including those from medicinal plants due to increasing evidence of parasitic resistance against present anthelmintic drugs and decreasing activity against encapsulated larval stages of parasites. This study was carried out to assess, for the first time, the effectiveness of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca (BAE) fruits against different stages (pre-adult, migrating larvae, and encysted larvae) of Trichinella spiralis in rats compared with commonly used anthelmintic albendazole. Oral administration of BAE at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg b.

Efficacy of some Fasciola gigantica antigens.

The present study tested the antigenic relationship between the three Egyptian strain of Fasciola gigantica antigens; coproantigen, excretory-secretory and egg antigens, versus their related hyper-immune sera and select the most specific one. By using SDS-PAGE, a structural homology was demonstrated in F. gigantica ES and egg antigens.

The diagnostic efficacy of Fasciola gigantica coproantigen in naturally infected cattle and buffaloes.

Monoclonal antibody sandwich ELISA was used detect F. gigantica coproantigen in 33 selected animals according to the faecal history to evaluate sensitivity and specificity by using three different rabbit hyper-immune sera; Copro HIS, Egg HIS and ES HIS. The results showed that Copro HIS & ES HIS detected F.

In vitro effect of artemether and triclabendazole on adult Fasciola gigantica.

Triclabendazole "Fasinex" is the drug of choice against fasciolosis because of its high efficacy against both mature and immature flukes, however parasite resistance against this drug is increasing. Hence, there is pressing need for new fasciolicidal drugs. In the present study, the in vitro effect of artemether on adult flukes was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy.

Inhibitory effect of Egyptian propolis on Fasciola gigantica eggs with reference to its effect on Clostridium oedematiens and correlation to chemical composition.

The chemical composition of the propolis samples was investigated by GC/MS and HPLC. 91 compounds have been identified, 26 compounds are being new to propolis. Siwa oasis propolis was characterized by the presence of diprenyl-dihydrocoumaric acids (4.

An in vitro effect of propolis on adult worms of Fasciola gigantica.

The effect of Siwa propolis on adult flukes was evaluated using scanning electron microcopy. It gave an overview of the surface architecture of the tegument of Fasciola gigantica apical cone. The base of the spines appeared to be "flaking off" and showed severe blebbing after 24h incubation with 10 micro/ml propolis.

Preoperative serum inhibin levels in patients with ovarian tumors.

Aim: To assess the value of preoperative determination of serum inhibin levels in the prediction of malignancy in women with ovarian tumors. The prediction of malignancy not only helps patient counseling regarding prognosis and extent of surgery but also allows for proper specialist referral.

Methods: Fifty women with clinically diagnosed ovarian tumors before surgery (patients group) and 32 healthy non-pregnant women in the early follicular phase of their cycle (controls) were studied.