Publications by authors named "Hatem Mahmoud"

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the primary substance involved in retinal barrier breach. VEGF overexpression may cause diabetic macular edema (DME). Laser photocoagulation of the macula is the standard treatment for DME; however, recently, intravitreal anti-VEGF injections have surpassed laser treatment.

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Article Synopsis
  • Previous studies have largely overlooked the adaptation strategies for dealing with winter cold waves in hot climates, prompting the need for this comprehensive investigation.
  • A microclimate model was created to evaluate the effectiveness of various windbreak configurations and tree characteristics in reducing cold stress, with four top-performing designs also assessed for their impact during summer.
  • Results indicated that optimal configurations, particularly double rows of trees with high Leaf Area Density, significantly reduced winter cold stress and mitigated high temperatures during summer, enhancing overall environmental conditions.
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Background: The primary mode of therapy in children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and mild or no corneal edema is goniotomy, which has a high success rate. However, in developing countries, the diagnosis of PCG is usually delayed, and corneal cloudiness interferes with goniotomy. Therefore, trabeculotomy may be the best choice in such eyes.

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Background: There is an association exists between cardiac surgery, performed through median sternotomy, and a considerable postoperative pain.

Objectives: The aim of the current study is to compare the effects of transversus thoracic muscle plane block (TTMPB) and pecto-intercostal fascial plane block (PIFB) upon postoperative opioid consumption among the patients who underwent open cardiac surgery.

Methods: The present prospective, randomized, comparative study was conducted among 80 patients who underwent elective on-pump cardiac surgery with sternotomy.

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Background: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is beneficial for pain management after conducting abdominal surgery.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl, as adjuvants to bupivacaine, for ultrasound-guided TAP block analgesia among patients undergoing radical cystectomy for postoperative pain management.

Methods: This prospective, randomised, comparative study included a total of 60 patients, who underwent radical cystectomy.

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Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common type of gynecological malignancy. Platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapy is the standard of care for OC, but toxicity and acquired chemoresistance has proven challenging. Recently, we reported that sensitivity to platinum was significantly reduced in a co-culture of OC cells with MSC.

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Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common type of gynecological malignancy; it has poor survival rates and is frequently (>75%) diagnosed at an advanced stage. Platinum-based chemotherapy, with, e.g.

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Objective: To examine and compare nebulizing heparin versus streptokinase for reversing alveolar collapse nonresponsive to recruitment.

Design: A clinical trial at a tertiary intensive care unit (ICU). Sixty patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (PaO/FO <100) nonresponsive to recruitment maneuver (RM), prone position, and neuromuscular block (NMB) were randomized into intervention arms or the standard-of-care arm.

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Different types of chemotherapeutics are used for cancer treatment. These drugs act on several signal pathways, lead to programmed cell death, and damage cancer cells. Although many specific mechanisms of action have been suggested for chemotherapeutics, there are still gaps in understanding their effects.

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In this research, cetyltetraethyl ammonium bromide template assisted microwave procedure was utilized to synthesize reduced graphene oxide-zirconia (rGO-ZrO₂) nanocomposites by varying the rGO composition (1, 2, 5 and 10 wt%). The physico-chemical characteristics of the nanocomposites were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffusive reflectance ultraviolet-visible (DRUV-vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N2-physisorption techniques. The results from XRD, Raman and DSC studies indicate that the increase in rGO concentration resulted in the delay in ZrO₂ crystallization temperature and alteration of ZrO₂ phase from monoclinic to tetragonal due to an effective incorporation of rGO nanosheets in ZrO₂ structure.

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Background: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) lacks a standard evidence-based treatment. A patient treated with neostigmine for severe PDPH prompted this study.

Methods: This randomized, controlled, double-blind study compared neostigmine and atropine (n = 41) versus a saline placebo (n = 44) for treating PDPH in addition to conservative management of 85 patients with hydration and analgesics.

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TiO nanoparticles were synthesized from titanium isopropoxide by a simple peptization method using sulfuric, nitric, and acetic acids. The effect of peptizing acid on physicochemical and photocatalytic properties of TiO powders was studied. The structural properties of synthesized TiO powders were analyzed by using XRD, TEM, N-physisorption, Raman, DR UV-vis, FTIR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques.

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Aim: As the labeled anti-camel immunoglobulins (Igs) with enzymes for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are unavailable in the Egyptian market, the present investigation was directed for developing local labeled anti-camel IgG with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to save hard curacy.

Materials And Methods: For purification of camel IgG whole molecule, camel sera was preliminary precipitated with 50% saturated ammonium sulfate and dialyzed against 15 mM phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.2 then concentrated.

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Introduction: Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonotic disease of humans and animals worldwide. The disease is caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. These organisms are maintained in nature via chronic renal infection of carrier animals, which excrete the organisms in their urine.

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Introduction: To evaluate the vitreoretinal complications in myopes after Visian implantable collamer lenses (ICL) implantation.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective, observational, non-comparative clinical study that evaluated 617 consecutive myopes who underwent ICL implantation at the Department of Refractive Surgery, Yemen Magrabi Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen between July 2006 and May 2010. Follow up ranged from 6 months to 40 months.

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A survey of 179 animals (black rats, dogs, sheep, buffaloes, cattle, donkeys, weasels, and cats) for Leptospira infection was conducted in Mahalla City (Lower Egypt). Blood, urine, and kidney were collected and tested by culture, microscopic agglutination test (MAT), and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among rats, 26% were positive by PCR, including 7% that were also positive by culture for L.

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Nanocomposite materials containing 10% and 20% iron oxide/silica, Fe2O3/SiO2 (w/w), were prepared by direct hydrolysis of aqueous iron III nitrate solution in sols of freshly prepared spherical silica particles (Stöber particles) present in their mother liquors. This was followed by aging, drying, calcination up to 600 degrees C through two different ramp rates, and then isothermal calcinations at 600 degrees C for 3 h. The calcined and the uncalcined (dried at 120 degrees C) composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption techniques, and scanning electron microscopy as required.

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The epidemiologic status of leptospirosis in Egypt has not been well defined because of difficulties in disease diagnosis. A retrospective study was conducted to detect leptospiral antibodies among undiagnosed acute febrile illness (AFI) and hepatitis cases. Approximately 16% of both AFI (141/886) and acute hepatitis (63/392) cases showed seroreactivity to Leptospira IgM by ELISA and microscopic agglutination test (MAT).

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We present direct evidence for the formation of the covalent bonded styrene (isoprene)(2) oligomer and the isoprene dimer ions following resonance ionization of the gas phase styrene-isoprene binary clusters. The application of resonance ionization to study polymerization reactions in clusters provides new information on the structure and mechanism of formation of the early stages of polymerization and holds considerable promise for the discovery of new initiation mechanisms and for the development of novel materials with unique properties.

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