Harmonizing data across the accelerating colorectal cancer screening and follow-up through implementation science (ACCSIS) program to enhance data quality and promote data sharing.

Background: The purpose of the Accelerating Colorectal Cancer Screening and Follow-up through Implementation Science (ACCSIS) Program, a Cancer Moonshot℠ Initiative, is to support research to build the evidence base on multilevel interventions that increase rates of colorectal cancer screening, follow-up, and referral to care to address disparities in colorectal cancer screening. The National Cancer Institute funded eight Research Projects to implement multilevel interventions to improve colorectal cancer screening among communities who traditionally have been medically underserved. To analyze the impact of ACCSIS across Research Projects, the consortium developed a set of common data elements.

#4Corners4Health Social Media Cancer Prevention Campaign for Emerging Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Stepped-Wedge Trial.

Background: Many emerging adults (EAs) are prone to making unhealthy choices, which increase their risk of premature cancer morbidity and mortality. In the era of social media, rigorous research on interventions to promote health behaviors for cancer risk reduction among EAs delivered over social media is limited. Cancer prevention information and recommendations may reach EAs more effectively over social media than in settings such as health care, schools, and workplaces, particularly for EAs residing in rural areas.

Building capacity for collaborative research between basic scientists and underrepresented communities in cancer research.

Purpose: Basic science research is critical for understanding biological mechanisms essential to advances in cancer prevention, diagnoses and treatment. However, most of this research is conducted outside of the purview of community observation or input, leaving these research processes mysterious and subsequent findings disconnected from the communities they intend to benefit. This paper discusses strategies to build capacity for collaborations between basic scientists and Hispanic community members at the University of Arizona Cancer Center (UACC).

Evaluating Social Support and T2D Risk Factors Among Members of Rural-Dwelling Grandparent-Headed Households.

Purpose: This study examines the associations of social support and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors among members of rural-dwelling, grandparent-headed households (GHH).

Methods: Prospective data were collected from rural-dwelling members of GHH with no known diagnosis of T2D. Data collected on family characteristics, T2D clinical risk factors, and social support were assessed.

Hair Stylists as Lay Health Workers: Perspectives of Black Women on Salon-Based Health Promotion.

Lay health workers (LHWs) have been effective in delivering health promotion to underserved, vulnerable populations. Hair stylists are well positioned to serve as LHWs in addressing health disparities among Black women in the U.S.

Adaptation of colorectal cancer screening tailored navigation content for American Indian communities and early results using the intervention.

Background: American Indians (AI) experience major colorectal cancer (CRC) screening disparities with commensurate inequity in CRC mortality and other outcomes. The purpose of this report is to describe the methods and early results of adapting a previously successful intervention for the AI community.

Methods: The educational content and delivery strategy of the parent intervention were adapted for AIs guided by an adaptation framework and cultural consultations with the community and clinicians.

Health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in U.S. barbershops and hair salons- a systematic review.

Background: African American adults suffer disproportionately from obesity-related chronic diseases, particularly at younger ages. In order to close the gap in these health disparities, efforts to develop and test culturally appropriate interventions are critical.

Methods: A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted to identify and critically evaluate health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in barbershops and hair salons.

A Motivational Interviewing Intervention to Promote CRC Screening: A Pilot Study.

Background: Appalachian Kentuckians suffer a disproportionate incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) and are screened at lower rates (35%) compared with 47% of Kentuckians.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a motivational interviewing intervention delivered by trained Lay Health Advisors on CRC screening.

Method: Eligible participants recruited from an emergency department (ED) completed a baseline survey and were randomized to either the control or the motivational interviewing intervention provided by Lay Health Advisors.

Access to Care as a Barrier to Mammography for Black Women.

Racial disparities in breast cancer screening, morbidity, and mortality persist for Black women. This study examines Black women's mammography beliefs and experiences with specific focus on barriers to mammography access in an urban city in the South East, United States. This retrospective, qualitative study used Penchansky and Thomas' conceptualization of health care access as the framework for the data analysis.

Assessing Diabetes Risk Factors in Rural Dwelling Grandparent Caregivers.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk factors in grandparent caregivers living in a rural environment.

Methods: Clinical measures (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], blood pressure, and lipids) and self-reported data on social environment factors were attained. Data were analyzed via Pearson's correlation and regression models.

Protocol for a systematic review of health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in US barbershops and hair salons.

Introduction: African American adults are disproportionately burdened by chronic diseases, particularly at younger ages. Developing culturally appropriate interventions is paramount to closing the gap in these health inequities. The purpose of this systematic review is to critically evaluate health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in two environments that are frequented by this population: barbershops and hair salons.

#CRCFREE: Using Social Media to Reduce Colorectal Cancer Risk in Rural Adults.

In this study, we pilot-tested #CRCFree, a Facebook-based intervention aimed at reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in rural Appalachian adults at risk for CRC. Participants were 56 rural Appalachian adults aged > 50 years. Daily #CRCFree Facebook posts addressed diet, physical activity, and CRC screening.

LGBT friendly healthcare providers' tobacco treatment practices and recommendations.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) friendly providers' (1) smoking cessation recommendations to LGBT patients and (2) tobacco treatment practices for transgender patients.

Design And Methods: In-depth, semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 13 healthcare providers.

Findings: Four overarching themes emerged: (1) providing tobacco treatment services for LGBT patients; (2) barriers to LGBT smoking cessation; (3) prescribing practices for transgender individuals taking estrogen hormone therapy; (4) provider community outreach to promote LGBT smoking cessation.

Spousal support and knowledge related to cervical cancer screening: Are Sub-Saharan African immigrant men interested?

Sub-Saharan African immigrant (SSAI) men have significant influence on the health-seeking behavior including cervical cancer screening uptake by their female partners/wives. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study with 21 SSAI men to explore knowledge, perceptions, and support related to cervical screening. Participants were aged 36 ± 9 years, college educated (88%), and 53% have lived in the U.

Regular Mammography Screening Among African American (AA) Women: Qualitative Application of the PEN-3 Framework.

Breast cancer mortality rates among African American (AA) women are at 29.2 deaths per 100,000 persons compared with 20.6 deaths per 100,000 persons among Caucasian women.

Primary Care Providers' Attitudes Related to LGBTQ People: A Narrative Literature Review.

The purpose of this article is to review the current literature describing primary care providers' (PCPs) attitudes related to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) people. LGBTQ individuals experience significant health disparities, and these inequities may be better understood via an ecological systems framework. PCPs' actual or perceived discriminatory attitudes can lead to suboptimal treatment or health outcomes for LGBTQ people.

Rural Grandparent Headed Households: A Qualitative Description.

Purpose: To explore, from an emic perspective, the unique socio ecological context in which rural grandparent headed households (GHH) exist, and therefore provide a foundation for the development of culturally-appropriate interventions that might impact their health.

Methods: This qualitative descriptive study was based on the conduct of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with fifteen grandparents, residing in rural Appalachian Kentucky, who were the primary caretakers for their grandchildren. The interviews were conducted using an interview guide that was based on the premises of the Social Ecological Model (SEM).

Training Community Health Workers in Motivational Interviewing to Promote Cancer Screening.

Health disparities researchers attempting to engage and effectively deliver interventions to underserved populations often encounter a number of challenges ranging from geographical considerations to more complex issues of medical mistrust. While there are a number of strategies researchers may employ to address these challenges, one of the most successful of these has been the use of community health workers (CHWs). Despite the documented success of CHWs, little information exists on the use of theory-driven intervention strategies with these community partners.

Identifying Communication Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screening Adherence among Appalachian Kentuckians.

Utilizing data from 40 in-depth interviews, this article identifies both barriers and facilitators to colorectal screening guideline adherence among Appalachian Kentucky adults recruited through a community-based research network. Key findings identify (a) varying levels of knowledge about screening guidelines, (b) reticence to engage in screening processes, and (c) nuanced communication with healthcare providers and family members regarding screening adherence. What participants knew about the screening process was often derived from personal stories or recalled stories from family members about their screening experiences.

Using text messages to promote health in African-Americans: #HeartHealthyandCancerFree.

Objectives: African-Americans are vulnerable to both cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to intricately connected risk factors. Use of text messages is an innovative method to provide health information to reduce these risks. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a text messaging intervention to reduce CVD and cancer risk factors in African-Americans.

Factors Influencing Pap Screening Use Among African Immigrant Women.

Purpose: Papanicolau (Pap) screenings disparities exist for immigrant women in the United States. This study sought to have an understanding of factors influencing Pap screening among sub-Saharan African immigrant women.

Method: This is a qualitative descriptive study.

Promoting Mammography with African-American Women in the Emergency Department Using Lay Health Workers.

The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of a pilot intervention to increase mammography utilization among African-American women recruited from those waiting in the emergency department (ED)for non-urgent complaints. In a 3-armed pilot of a randomized controlled trial we compared the effects of a brief motivational interview delivered by a lay health worker with those of a culturally targeted brochure and a usual care control group. The results showed that one quarter (23%) of the sample reported having never had a mammogram prior to the study.