Decolonizing health policy and practice: Vaccine hesitancy in the United States.

Using 2021 data and information related to COVID-19, this paper discusses the contribution of colonization, medical mistrust and racism to vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy is defined as 'delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability'. Colonization is described as the 'way the extractive economic system of capitalism came to the United States, supported by systems of supremacy and domination, which are a necessary part of keeping the wealth and power accumulated in the hands of the colonizers and ultimately their financiers'.

Rule Out Acute Kidney Injury in the Emergency Department With a Urinary Dipstick.

Introduction: The identification of acute injury of the kidney relies on serum creatinine (SCr), a functional marker with poor temporal resolution as well as limited sensitivity and specificity for cellular injury. In contrast, urinary biomarkers of kidney injury have the potential to detect cellular stress and damage in real time.

Methods: To detect the response of the kidney to injury, we have tested a lateral flow dipstick that measures a urinary protein called neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL).

Achieving Health Equity Through Eradicating Structural Racism in the United States: A Call to Action for Nursing Leadership.

Purpose: To advocate for strategic actions by U.S. nursing leadership that denote the presence, customs, and implications of racism that has been institutionalized within the structures of U.

Nutritional correlates of the overwintering and seaward migratory decisions and long-term survival of post-spawning Atlantic salmon.

Despite the importance of iteroparity (i.e. repeated spawning) for the viability of Atlantic salmon populations, little is known about the factors influencing the migratory behaviour and survival prospect of post-spawned individuals (kelts).

Structure Determination, Functional Characterization, and Biosynthetic Implications of Nybomycin Metabolites from a Mining Reclamation Site-Associated .

We report the isolation and characterization of three new nybomycins (nybomycins B-D, -) and six known compounds (nybomycin, ; deoxynyboquinone, ; α-rubromycin, ; β-rubromycin, ; γ-rubromycin, ; and [2α(1,3),4β]-2-(1,3-pentadienyl)-4-piperidinol, ) from the Rock Creek (McCreary County, KY) underground coal mine acid reclamation site isolate sp. AD-3-6. Nybomycin D () and deoxynyboquinone () displayed moderate () to potent () cancer cell line cytotoxicity and displayed weak to moderate anti-Gram-(+) bacterial activity, whereas rubromycins - displayed little to no cancer cell line cytotoxicity but moderate to potent anti-Gram-(+) bacterial and antifungal activity.

Different Repeat Annual Influenza Vaccinations Improve the Antibody Response to Drifted Influenza Strains.

Seasonal influenza vaccine formulas change almost every year yet information about how this affects the antibody repertoire of vaccine recipients is inadequate. New vaccine virus strains are selected, replacing older strains to better match the currently circulating strains. But even while the vaccine is being manufactured the circulating strains can evolve.

Mccrearamycins A-D, Geldanamycin-Derived Cyclopentenone Macrolactams from an Eastern Kentucky Abandoned Coal Mine Microbe.

Four cyclopentenone-containing ansamycin polyketides (mccrearamycins A-D), and six new geldanamycins (Gdms B-G, including new linear and mycothiol conjugates), were characterized as metabolites of Streptomyces sp. AD-23-14 isolated from the Rock Creek underground coal mine acid drainage site. Biomimetic chemical conversion studies using both simple synthetic models and Gdm D confirmed that the mccrearamycin cyclopentenone derives from benzilic acid rearrangement of 19-hydroxy Gdm, and thereby provides a new synthetic derivatization strategy and implicates a potential unique biocatalyst in mccrearamycin cyclopentenone formation.

Enhancing Patient Safety: Factors Influencing Medical Error Recovery Among Medical-Surgical Nurses.

Keeping patients safe is a core nursing duty. The dynamic nature of the healthcare environment requires that nurses practice to the full extent of their education, experience, and role to keep patients safe. Research has focused on error causation rather than error recovery, a process that occurs before patient harm ensues.

Erratum: Condition-dependent migratory behaviour of endangered Atlantic salmon smolts moving through an inland sea.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow018.].

Free Sialic Acid Acts as a Signal That Promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae Invasion of Nasal Tissue and Nonhematogenous Invasion of the Central Nervous System.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and neurological sequelae in children worldwide. Acute bacterial meningitis is widely considered to result from bacteremia that leads to blood-brain barrier breakdown and bacterial dissemination throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Previously, we showed that pneumococci can gain access to the CNS through a nonhematogenous route without peripheral blood infection.

Condition-dependent migratory behaviour of endangered Atlantic salmon smolts moving through an inland sea.

The Bras d'Or Lake watershed of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada is a unique inland sea ecosystem, UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and home to a group of regionally distinct Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations. Recent population decreases in this region have raised concern about their long-term persistence. We used acoustic telemetry to track the migrations of juvenile salmon (smolts) from the Middle River into the Bras d'Or Lake and, subsequently, into the Atlantic Ocean.

Nurses' role in medical error recovery: an integrative review.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct an integrative review of the literature to fully understand nurses' role in medical error recovery.

Background: Despite focused efforts on error prevention, the prevalence of medical errors occurring in the health care system remains a concern. Patient harm can be reduced or prevented by adequate recovery processes that include identifying, interrupting and correcting medical errors in a timely fashion.

Mitigating Knowledge Loss: A Strategic Imperative for Nurse Leaders.

With the aging of the nursing workforce and expected retirement of large numbers of experienced nurses in the next decade, mitigating the impact that lost knowledge will have on organizational performance and patient outcomes is critical. The authors raise awareness of the problem, summarize observations procured from hospital nurse executive regarding approaches for knowledge transfer through workforce development, and pose proactive strategies for nurse leaders who can provide direction to offset the issue before it becomes a crisis.

Changes in density of on-premises alcohol outlets and impact on violent crime, Atlanta, Georgia, 1997-2007.

Introduction: Regulating alcohol outlet density is an evidence-based strategy for reducing excessive drinking. However, the effect of this strategy on violent crime has not been well characterized. A reduction in alcohol outlet density in the Buckhead neighborhood of Atlanta from 2003 through 2007 provided an opportunity to evaluate this effect.

Antibodies mediate formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in the middle ear and facilitate secondary pneumococcal otitis media.

Otitis media (OM) (a middle ear infection) is a common childhood illness that can leave some children with permanent hearing loss. OM can arise following infection with a variety of different pathogens, including a coinfection with influenza A virus (IAV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus). We and others have demonstrated that coinfection with IAV facilitates the replication of pneumococci in the middle ear.

An AP-1 binding site in the enhancer/core element of the HIV-1 promoter controls the ability of HIV-1 to establish latent infection.

Following integration, HIV-1 in most cases produces active infection events; however, in some rare instances, latent infection events are established. The latter have major clinical implications, as latent infection allows the virus to persist despite antiretroviral therapy. Both the cellular factors and the viral elements that potentially determine whether HIV-1 establishes active or latent infection events remain largely elusive.

Sternal closure with rigid plate fixation versus wire closure: a randomized controlled multicenter trial.

Background: Rigid bone fixation is the standard of care for all bone reconstructions except that after sternotomy. Sternal reconstruction after median sternotomy using rigid fixation with plates may improve bone healing and reduce pain when compared with wire cerclage.

Methods: One-hundred forty patients at six centers who were determined preoperatively to be at high risk for sternal wound complications were randomly assigned to sternal closure with rigid plate fixation (n=70) or wire cerclage (n=70).

Global health diplomacy: an integrative review of the literature and implications for nursing.

The increasing interconnectedness of the world and the factors that affect health lay the foundation for the evolving practice of global health diplomacy. There has been limited discussion in the nursing literature about the concept of global health diplomacy or the role of nurses in such initiatives. A discussion of this concept is presented here by the members of a Task Force on Global Health Diplomacy of the American Academy of Nursing Expert Panel on Global Nursing and Health (AAN EPGNH).

Consumption of fructose- but not glucose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks increases circulating concentrations of uric acid, retinol binding protein-4, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in overweight/obese humans.

Background: Prospective studies in humans examining the effects of fructose consumption on biological markers associated with the development of metabolic syndrome are lacking. Therefore we investigated the relative effects of 10 wks of fructose or glucose consumption on plasma uric acid and RBP-4 concentrations, as well as liver enzyme (AST, ALT, and GGT) activities in men and women.

Methods: As part of a parallel arm study, older (age 40-72), overweight and obese male and female subjects (BMI 25-35 kg/m2) consumed glucose- or fructose-sweetened beverages providing 25% of energy requirements for 10 wks.

Circulating concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and soluble leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 in overweight/obese men and women consuming fructose- or glucose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks.

Context: Results from animal studies suggest that consumption of large amounts of fructose can promote inflammation and impair fibrinolysis. Data describing the effects of fructose consumption on circulating levels of proinflammatory and prothrombotic markers in humans are unavailable.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the effects of 10 wk of dietary fructose or glucose consumption on plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, C-reactive protein, and IL-6.

Consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks reduces net fat oxidation and energy expenditure in overweight/obese men and women.

Background/objectives: The results of short-term studies in humans suggest that, compared with glucose, acute consumption of fructose leads to increased postprandial energy expenditure and carbohydrate oxidation and decreased postprandial fat oxidation. The objective of this study was to determine the potential effects of increased fructose consumption compared with isocaloric glucose consumption on substrate utilization and energy expenditure following sustained consumption and under energy-balanced conditions.

Subjects/methods: As part of a parallel arm study, overweight/obese male and female subjects, 40-72 years, consumed glucose- or fructose-sweetened beverages providing 25% of energy requirements for 10 weeks.

African American and Latino patient versus provider perceptions of determinants of prenatal care initiation.

Few studies have compared provider and patient perceptions of barriers, motivators and facilitators of prenatal care (PNC) initiation. The current study compared these perceptions in providers and patients in Washington, DC, a city characterized by infant mortality and low birth weight rates that are among the highest in the nation, and poor utilization of PNC, particularly among minority groups. The results reported here were part of a larger study of barriers, motivators and facilitators influencing PNC utilization in Washington, DC.

Blood serum antibody analysis and long-term follow-up of patients treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the lumbar spine.

Study Design: Prospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Objective: To examine the incidence of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 antibody formation in lumbar spine applications and to determine the clinical significance of an antibody response.

Summary Of Background Data: Immune responses can affect the safety and efficacy profile of recombinant proteins.

Commentary: experienced RN retention strategies: what can be learned from top-performing organizations.

The authors provide commentary on the article, "Experienced Nurse Retention Strategies: What Can Be Learned From Top-Performing Organizations," also in this issue by authors Hirschkorn, West, Hill, Cleary, and Hewlett.

Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans.

Studies in animals have documented that, compared with glucose, dietary fructose induces dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. To assess the relative effects of these dietary sugars during sustained consumption in humans, overweight and obese subjects consumed glucose- or fructose-sweetened beverages providing 25% of energy requirements for 10 weeks. Although both groups exhibited similar weight gain during the intervention, visceral adipose volume was significantly increased only in subjects consuming fructose.