Extra-Lobar Lung Sequestration Infarction That Caused Sudden Back Pain: An Adult Case of Surgical Resection.

Introduction: Ischemia in extra-lobar pulmonary sequestration is rare and mostly occurs in childhood; it is uncommon in adults but can be progressive, necessitating surgical removal.

Case Presentation: A 37-year-old woman experienced sudden onset severe back pain and was initially diagnosed with pneumonia. Computed tomography revealed a 4.

[A Case of Sigmoid Colon Cancer with Bladder Invasion Successfully Treated with Chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6+Cetuximab].

A 70' woman presented to our hospital complaining of a weight loss and loss of appetite. She was diagnosed with advanced sigmoid colon cancer by colonoscopy, and CT scan showed that the tumor had invaded the bladder and left ovary, and showed enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes. The tumor was large, and it was determined that a total cystectomy was necessary for radical resection, it was decided to perform pre-operative chemotherapy.

Clinicopathological background of local recurrence in high grade sarcoma of the extremity with preoperative chemotherapy: a supplementary analysis of JCOG0304.

Background: The mainstay of treatment for soft-tissue sarcomas is complete resection with negative surgical margins. However, treatment strategies for local control including the frequency of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and surgical margin differ greatly between Japan and other countries, and the optimal strategy of local control remains controversial.

Methods: A total of 70 patients with high-grade sarcoma who underwent surgery of the 72 patients enrolled in JCOG0304, were included.

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is associated with poor sleep quality: Tamagawa cross-sectional study on the relationship between lifestyle and atrial fibrillation (TAMAGAWA-AF study).

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is reduced in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data regarding the association between sleep quality, one of the major components of QOL, and AF are insufficient. This cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate whether sleep quality is reduced in patients with AF.

EGFR, TP53, and CUL3 Triple Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and its Potentially Poor Prognosis: A Case Report and Database Analysis.

Concurrent mutations in tumor protein p53 (TP53) or Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-pathway components are linked to poor outcomes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the impact of triple mutations remains unclear. We report a case of EGFR-, TP53-, and Cullin 3 (CUL3)-mutant NSCLC in a 43-year-old woman with widespread metastases at diagnosis, including those in the contralateral lung, distant lymph nodes, pericardium, liver, bones, left adrenal gland, and brain. She received osimertinib as first-line therapy, but pericardial effusion and liver metastases progressed rapidly over 3 months, and she was switched to carboplatin and pemetrexed.

Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood links cell-type-specific regulation of splicing to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Alternative splicing contributes to complex traits, but whether this differs in trait-relevant cell types across diverse genetic ancestries is unclear. Here we describe cell-type-specific, sex-biased and ancestry-biased alternative splicing in ~1 M peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 474 healthy donors from the Asian Immune Diversity Atlas. We identify widespread sex-biased and ancestry-biased differential splicing, most of which is cell-type-specific.

Rapid biphasic decay of intact and defective HIV DNA reservoir during acute treated HIV disease.

Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV persists in latently-infected cells (the HIV reservoir) which decay slowly over time. Here, leveraging >500 longitudinal samples from 67 people living with HIV (PLWH) treated during acute infection, we developed a mathematical model to predict reservoir decay from peripheral CD4 + T cells. Nonlinear generalized additive models demonstrated rapid biphasic decay of intact DNA (week 0-5: t ~ 2.

A novel functional variant activating NFAT in a patient with polyarthritis and a remittent fever.

Background: is a negative regulator of T cell activation and one of the key activators of type I interferon (IFN) and NFκB signaling via non-classical pathways. The upstream single nucleotide polymorphism of (rs2297550-G) is a genome-wide association study risk variant of systemic lupus erythematosus, and is associated with decreased expression in T cells by expression quantitative trait locus analysis.

Case Presentation: A 48-year-old female had a remittent fever, arthritis, and oral ulcers for 20 years.

Lobectomy for Anomalous Systemic Arterial Supply to the Basal Segment of the Lung in the Second Trimester of a Pregnant Patient with Hemoptysis.

An anomalous systemic arterial supply to the basal segment of the lung (ABLL) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly. We herein report a case of ABLL in a 26-year-old pregnant woman with hemoptysis. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an abnormal vessel branching directly from the descending aorta and circulating to the left lower lobe while showing a normal bronchial anatomy.

Preliminary investigation of the significance of cavitary lesions in recurrent hemoptysis following bronchial artery embolization for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease.

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) varies widely in clinical presentation, and some patients experience hemoptysis. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is a treatment option for hemoptysis caused by NTM-PD. However, the association between post-BAE rebleeding risk and the presence of cavitary lesions has not been fully elucidated.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Facilitates the Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Cerebellar Arteriovenous Malformations.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that facilitates the observation of tissue metabolism. It holds potential not only in research but also in clinical settings for understanding pathophysiology. This report presents the case of a 73-year-old woman with cerebellar arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in which MRS contributed to understanding the condition.

Epigenetic targets of Janus kinase inhibitors are linked to genetic risks of rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Current strategies that target cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), or signaling molecules (e.

Long-read sequencing for 29 immune cell subsets reveals disease-linked isoforms.

Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read sequencing. Here, we generate a full-length isoform annotation of human immune cells from an individual by long-read sequencing for 29 cell subsets. This contains a number of unannotated transcripts and isoforms such as a read-through transcript of TOMM40-APOE in the Alzheimer's disease locus.

Neonatal Ventricular Reservoir Implantation for Hydrocephalus Management in Chiari III Malformations: A Case Report.

Chiari III malformation, a rare and severe subtype of Chiari malformations, is frequently associated with hydrocephalus. The conventional treatment approaches for hydrocephalus in Chiari III malformations have mainly focused on ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting, but optimal methods and timing remain uncertain. We report a case of a newborn girl with Chiari III malformation who underwent surgical closure of an occipitocervical encephalocele and ventricular reservoir implantation on her third day of life.

Rapid Biphasic Decay of Intact and Defective HIV DNA Reservoir During Acute Treated HIV Disease.

Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV persists in latently-infected cells ("the reservoir") which decay slowly over time. Here, leveraging >500 longitudinal samples from 67 people with HIV (PWH) treated during acute infection, we developed a novel mathematical model to predict reservoir decay from peripheral CD4+ T cells. Nonlinear generalized additive models demonstrated rapid biphasic decay of intact DNA (week 0-5: t~2.

Age-associated CD4 T cells with B cell-promoting functions are regulated by ZEB2 in autoimmunity.

Aging is a significant risk factor for autoimmunity, and many autoimmune diseases tend to onset during adulthood. We conducted an extensive analysis of CD4 T cell subsets from 354 patients with autoimmune disease and healthy controls via flow cytometry and bulk RNA sequencing. As a result, we identified a distinct CXCR3CD4 effector memory T cell subset that expands with age, which we designated "age-associated T helper (TA) cells.

Multimodal repertoire analysis unveils B cell biology in immune-mediated diseases.

Objectives: Despite the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases (IMDs), biological mechanisms underlying their function are scarcely understood. To overcome this gap, here we constructed and investigated a large-scale repertoire catalogue of five B cell subsets of patients with IMDs.

Methods: We mapped B cell receptor regions from RNA sequencing data of sorted B cell subsets.

Multilocular thymic cyst detected during COVID‑19 treatment in an HIV‑positive adult man: A case report and literature review.

A multilocular thymic cyst (MTC) is a rare mediastinal tumor with multiloculated cyst-like structures in the anterior mediastinum. This tumfor is associated with inflammatory diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The present study reports a case of MTC detected during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment in an adult who was tested HIV positive.

A case of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease with pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma-like multiple pulmonary nodules.

A 41-year-old man presented with chronic cough and chest pain. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, inflammation, hypoalbuminemia, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and elevated interleukin-6 levels. Computed tomography revealed diffuse bilateral pulmonary nodules and multicentric lymphadenopathy.

Unique vascular structures of a radicular arteriovenous fistula at the craniocervical junction along the first cervical spinal nerve: A case report.

Background: An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) at the craniocervical junction (CCJ) is a rare vascular malformation. Definitive diagnosis and curative treatment of CCJ AVF are challenging.

Case Description: A 77-year-old man presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Immunomics analysis of rheumatoid arthritis identified precursor dendritic cells as a key cell subset of treatment resistance.

Objectives: Little is known about the immunology underlying variable treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We performed large-scale transcriptome analyses of peripheral blood immune cell subsets to identify immune cells that predict treatment resistance.

Methods: We isolated 18 peripheral blood immune cell subsets of 55 patients with RA requiring addition of new treatment and 39 healthy controls, and performed RNA sequencing.

Transcriptome Profiling of Immune Cell Types in Peripheral Blood Reveals Common and Specific Pathways Involved in the Pathogenesis of Myositis-Specific Antibody-Positive Inflammatory Myopathies.

Objective: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) demonstrate characteristic clinical phenotypes depending on the myositis-specific antibody (MSAs) present. We aimed to identify common or MSA-specific immunological pathways in different immune cell types from peripheral blood by transcriptome analysis.

Methods: We recruited 33 patients with IIM who were separated into the following groups: 15 patients with active disease at onset and 18 with inactive disease under treatment.