Evaluating a model for the capacity building of midwifery eduators in Bangladesh through a blended, web-based master's programme.

: While setting international standards for midwifery education has attracted considerable global attention, the education and training of midwifery educators has been relatively neglected, particularly in low-resource settings where capacity building is crucial. : The aim of this study was to describe the expectations of midwifery educators in Bangladesh who took part in a blended web-based master's programme in SRHR and the extent to which these were realized after 12 months of part-time study. : Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used to collect data.

"Change-makers in midwifery care": Exploring the differences between expectations and outcomes-A qualitative study of a midwifery net-based education programme in the Somali region.

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore midwifery educators' expected outcomes in the net-based master's programme, the programmes' realised outcomes and the reported difference regarding the increased choices for the graduates and the effect on their agency.

Design: In this case study, we focused on a net-based master's programme in sexual and reproductive health in Somalia. Somalia suffers from a shortage of skilled birth attendants and there is a need for building up the capacity of midwifery educators.

Evaluation of an online master's programme in Somaliland. A phenomenographic study on the experience of professional and personal development among midwifery faculty.

To record the variation of perceptions of midwifery faculty in terms of the possibilities and challenges related to the completion of their first online master's level programme in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Somaliland. The informants included in this phenomenongraphical focus group study were those well-educated professional women and men who completed the master's program. The informant perceived that this first online master's level programme provided tools for independent use of the Internet and independent searching for evidence-based information, enhanced professional development, was challenge-driven and evoked curiosity, challenged professional development, enhanced personal development and challenged context-bound career paths.

A brief overview of food hygiene legislation.

Following several animal disease outbreaks and food contaminant scandals in Europe in recent years, the European Commission adopted the White Paper on Food Safety in 2000. This White Paper contains a number of recommendations aimed to increase food safety, improve the traceability of food products and regain consumer confidence in the food industry. To this effect a package of new European legislation on food and feed has been prepared with the following characteristics: responsibility of food safety lies with the food business operator, while the competent authority of the Member State verifies correct implementation of the new rules.

Driving circumstances and accidents among novice drivers.

Objective: The study evaluated the accident risk of certain driving circumstances and driving motives among novice drivers.

Methods: Self-reported exposure and accidents according to driving circumstances and driving motives were compared between young (n = 6,847) and middle-aged (n = 942) male and female novice drivers. For young drivers, self-reported accidents were further compared to fatal accidents (n = 645) in terms of the driving conditions in which they occurred.

An outbreak of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus associated with consumption of fresh goat cheese.

Background: Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus is a rare infection in humans associated with contact with horses or consumption of unpasteurized milk products. On October 23, 2003, the National Public Health Institute was alerted that within one week three persons had been admitted to Tampere University Central Hospital (TaYS) because of S. equi subsp.

Mitochondrial toxicity detected in a health product with a boar spermatozoan bioassay.

Seaweed and organic alfalfa capsules sold as "health promoting" products had repeatedly caused emesis in a consumer. Using the boar spermatozoan bioassay, the capsule contents were found to contain a toxic substance that inhibited boar sperm motility and depolarised mitochondria at low exposure concentrations of 10 microg/ml. The capsule also contained high amounts (10(5)-10(7) cfu/g), of endospore-forming bacteria and Streptomyces-like bacteria.

Does increased confidence among novice drivers imply a decrease in safety? The effects of skid training on slippery road accidents.

Finnish driver training was renewed in 1990 with the inclusion of a compulsory skid training course in the curriculum. The study evaluated the renewal's effect on accidents in slippery road conditions. A questionnaire was sent by mail to 41000 novice drivers who were randomly selected from the official register of driving licences.

A widespread outbreak of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:3 infection from iceberg lettuce.

Background: The vehicles and sources of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection are unknown. In Finland, clinical microbiology laboratories routinely report Y. pseudotuberculosis isolations and submit isolates for serotype analysis.

Novice drivers' accidents and violations--a failure on higher or lower hierarchical levels of driving behaviour.

The study compared accident and offence rates of 28 500 novice drivers in Finland. The purpose was to study differences in accident and offence rates between male and female novice drivers of different age. The drivers reported in a mailed questionnaire, how many accidents they had been involved in and how much they had driven during their whole driving career.

Genotypes and enterotoxicity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the hands and nasal cavities of flight-catering employees.

Hand and nasal samples of flight-catering staff were collected from 1995 to 1997 to find employees carrying Staphylococcus aureus. Altogether 153 hand samples and 136 nose samples were taken. Nasal sampling showed a higher prevalence of S.

An outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 3a infections from butter in Finland.

In February 1999, an outbreak of listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes serotype 3a occurred in Finland. All isolates were identical. The outbreak strain was first isolated in 1997 in dairy butter.

Microbiological quality of hot meals served by airlines.

The microbiological quality of 1,012 hot meals served on aircraft was studied in 1991 to 1994. The material included dishes prepared in 33 countries all over the world. The geometric means of aerobic colony counts and Escherichia coli were significantly lower in breakfasts (P < 0.

Conflicting goals of skid training.

Efforts to make novice drivers drive more safely on slippery roads by means of special courses have mainly failed. In order to understand why the courses have failed, the views of instructors and students on the goals of skid training courses were compared. The importance given to anticipating vs manoeuvring skills was analysed.

The occurrence of Salmonella in airline meals.

The occurrence of Salmonella in airline meals was studied in 1989-1992. Samples were collected from flight kitchens in 29 countries. The material consisted of 400 cold dishes and 1,288 hot dishes as well as salads, cheese plates and deserts.

Salmonella outbreak among railway and airline passengers.

A widespread outbreak by Salmonella infantis, infecting a total of 226 people, occurred in Finland at the beginning of August 1986. Of those infected, 107 were railway passengers, 91 were airline passengers and 28 were employed in a food processing establishment. The outbreak among the railway passengers was caused by egg sandwiches, the airline passengers were infected by a meal served on board and the catering employees by the breakfast served in the establishment.

Trichinella spiralis in wild animals, cats, mice, rats and farmed fur animals in Finland.

A total of 1 399 samples of wild animals, cats, mice, rats and fur animals were examined for Trichinella larvae during the period 1.1.1982-30.

Haemobartonellosis in the domestic cat.

Post-mortem examination of two cases of natural Haemobartonella felis infection in the cat is reported. In both cases haemobartonellosis was confirmed on blood smears from the diseased animals. The most noticeable macroscopic finding was a pronounced general anemia.

Histology of the salivary gland of two leukotic cats.

Feline leukemia (leukosis, lymphosarcomatosis) is now known to be caused by a virus ( 1964). The feline leukemia virus antigen has been demonstrated in salivary glands of leukemic cats ( 1969, 1970) and according to (1971) the C-type virus particles will replicate in the salivary glands of leukotic cats.