Pathological Complete Response to a Single Dose of Pembrolizumab-Based Chemoimmunotherapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A Case Report.

We herein describe a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer who achieved pCR with a single dose of pembrolizumab-based chemoimmunotherapy followed by surgery. A 61-year-old man was referred to our hospital with wheezing and an abnormal chest shadow. Squamous cell carcinoma of the left lower lobe, cT2aN1M0 stage IIB, was diagnosed and pembrolizumab-based chemoimmunotherapy was initiated at the patient's request.

An increased relative eosinophil count as a predictive dynamic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: An increased relative eosinophil count (REC) has potential as a predictive biomarker for a beneficial clinical response and outcome to cancer immunotherapies. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of an increased posttreatment REC on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all 151 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and treated with ICI monotherapy and blood test data between March 2016 and August 2021 at National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital and Tokushima University.

Pretreatment eosinophil counts as a predictive biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: The peripheral blood eosinophil count prior to treatment has potential as a predictive biomarker for a beneficial clinical response to cancer immunotherapies. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of the eosinophil count on overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with NSCLC and treated with ICI monotherapy between March 2016 and August 2021 at National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital and Tokushima University.

Prediction of voluntary movements of the upper extremities by resting state-brain regional glucose metabolism in patients with chronic severe brain injury: A pilot study.

Confirmation of the exact voluntary movements of patients with disorder of consciousness following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is difficult because of the associated communication disturbances. In this pilot study, we investigated whether regional brain glucose metabolism assessed by F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) at rest could predict voluntary movement in severe TBI patients, particularly those with sufficient upper limb capacity to use communication devices. We visually and verbally instructed patients to clasp or open their hands.

Non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR (L858R and E709X) and CNNB1 mutations responded to afatinib.

Lung cancer with complex epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CTNNB1 comutations is rare, and the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is generally poor. Here, we encountered a lung cancer patient with complex EGFR (L858R and E709X) and CTNNB1 comutations who successfully responded to afatinib. A 78-year-old woman visited our hospital with a cough and bloody sputum that had worsened over the past year.

Late-onset acute type 1 diabetes mellitus 7 months after discontinuation of pembrolizumab against lung cancer.

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur in rare cases, even after the completion of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. We encountered a lung cancer patient diagnosed with acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) 7 months after the cessation of ICI. A 68-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for chest abnormalities.

Development and practical evaluation of a saturation effect learning simulator for inflow magnetic resonance angiography.

The quality of visualization in inflow magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) depends highly on the excitation state of the longitudinal magnetization obtained using specified imaging parameters. In addition, signal intensity changes controlled by the preparation pulse-such as inversion recovery (IR) and saturation recovery (SR)-can potentially be used as quantitative physiological values. Although having practitioners understand these relationships both qualitatively and quantitatively is important, handling clinical equipment in practical learning or experiments involves limited opportunities.

Early mortality factors in immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a promising treatment, but may cause hyperprogressive disease and early death. The present study investigated early mortality factors in ICI monotherapy for lung cancer.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and treated with ICI monotherapy (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab) between March 2016 and August 2021 at National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital and Tokushima University.

An 18 F-FDG-PET-Positive Mucoid Impaction With Ring Enhancement on CT Mimicking Lung Cancer.

We encountered a case of an 18 F-FDG PET-positive solitary nodule with ring enhancement on CT mimicking lung cancer in the left S6 region of an 80-year-old woman. Since transbronchial biopsy by endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath could not obtain sufficient material, despite the guide sheath being placed within the lesion, the patient underwent thoracoscopic partial left S6 resection. The nodule was diagnosed as acquired cystic bronchiectasis and mucoid impaction associated with chronic inflammation.

[Perceptual changes among public health nurses brought on through a newly adopted system for providing continuous support in the municipality: Modelled at its core on Finnish practice for maternity and child health clinics (Neuvola)].

Objectives　This study targeted public health nurses in a Japanese municipality that had newly adopted the core components of the Finnish system to provide continuous support to families with children until preschool. It sought to analyze changes in their perceptions for activities in maternal and child health care before and after the adoption.Methods　Relevant data were collected through semi-structured focus group interviews, following an interview guide, conducted from September to October 2020.

A single dose of pembrolizumab treatment causing a profound and durable response in lung cancer.

Profound and durable responses to a single dose of pembrolizumab in lung cancer are rare. We encountered a non-small cell lung cancer patient showing a deep and durable response with a single dose of pembrolizumab. A 79-year-old man reported bloody sputum for several weeks and visited a general physician.

Systemic delivery of siRNA to the colon using peptide modified PEG-PCL polymer micelles for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract, and significantly reduces the patient's quality of life. While existing UC treatments have many challenges, nanotechnology, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) based formulations are novel and promising for UC treatment. We previously reported that intravenous administration of MPEG-PCL-CH2R4H2C nanomicelles had high inflammatory site accumulation and remarkable therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis by a phenomenon similar to enhanced permeability and retention effect.

Dramatic response to immunochemotherapy followed by salvage surgery in an elderly lung cancer patient.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have caused a paradigm shift in the treatment of lung cancer. Here, we encountered a case of inoperable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung that became operable with pembrolizumab-based immunochemotherapy and achieved a pathological complete response. An 82-year-old man suspected of having lung cancer was referred to our hospital.

Complete and durable response of pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma to pembrolizumab.

Background: Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare and aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and standard therapy has not yet been established.

Case: A 65-year-old male with a cough for 2 months presented to our hospital. He was clinically diagnosed with non small cell lung cancer cT3N1M0 stage IIIA and underwent right pneumonectomy.

Eosinophilic pleural effusion due to lung cancer has a better prognosis than non-eosinophilic malignant pleural effusion.

Objective: Tumor-related eosinophilia may have extended survival benefits for some cancer patients. However, there has been no report on the prognosis difference between eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) and non-EPE in lung cancer patients. Our study aimed to investigate the prognosis difference between EPE and non-EPE due to lung cancer.

Differential pial and penetrating arterial responses examined by optogenetic activation of astrocytes and neurons.

A variety of brain cells participates in neurovascular coupling by transmitting and modulating vasoactive signals. The present study aimed to probe cell type-dependent cerebrovascular (i.e.

Familial Mediterranean Fever After Cord Blood Transplantation for Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary autoinflammatory disorder accompanied by periodic fever and sterile serositis. We report a 5-year-old boy with FMF, who underwent second unrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) for recurrent familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Periodic attacks of fever and abdominal pain started 6 months after CBT.

In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Passive Inflammation Site Accumulation of Liposomes via Intravenous Administration Focused on Their Surface Charge and PEG Modification.

Nanocarriers such as liposomes have been attracting attention as novel therapeutic methods for inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. The physicochemical properties of intravenously administered nanomedicines enable them to target inflamed tissues passively. However, few studies have attempted to determine the influences of nanoparticle surface characteristics on inflammation site accumulation.

Parental Working Hours and Children's Sedentary Time: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the J-SHINE.

Background: Sedentary behaviors are prevalent among children and can have a detrimental effect on their health. Little is known about the influence of parental time on children's sedentary behavior. This study examined the association between parental working hours and children's sedentary time.

Pulmonary Disease Progressed to Pleuritis after Iatrogenic Pneumothorax: A Case Report.

is a newly identified nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and its gene sequence of 16S rRNA shows high homology to that of . We present a case of pulmonary disease progressed to pleuritis after iatrogenic pneumothorax. The patient was initially diagnosed as tuberculosis based on a positive result for the 16S rRNA of an identification kit using scrapings from the cavitary nodule.