Is the A Pigment in Photosystem I Part of P700? A (P700-P700) FTIR Difference Spectroscopy Study of A Mutants.

The involvement of the second pair of chlorophylls, termed A and A, in light-induced electron transfer in photosystem I (PSI) is currently debated. Asparagines at PsaA600 and PsaB582 are involved in coordinating the A and A pigments, respectively. Here we have mutated these asparagine residues to methionine in two single mutants and a double mutant in PSI from sp.

Allowable movement of wavefront-guided contact lens corrections in normal and keratoconic eyes.

Purpose: The goal was to use SyntEyes modelling to estimate the allowable alignment error of wavefront-guided rigid contact lens corrections for a range of normal and keratoconic eye aberration structures to keep objectively measured visual image quality at or above average levels of well-corrected normal eyes. Secondary purposes included determining the required radial order of correction, whether increased radial order of the corrections further constrained the allowable alignment error and how alignment constraints vary with keratoconus severity.

Methods: Building on previous work, 20 normal SyntEyes and 20 keratoconic SyntEyes were fitted with optimised wavefront-guided rigid contact lens corrections targeting between three and eight radial orders that drove visual image quality, as measured objectively by the visual Strehl ratio, to near 1 (best possible) over a 5-mm pupil for the aligned position.

How Aqueous Solvation Impacts the Frequencies and Intensities of Infrared Absorption Bands in Flavin: The Quest for a Suitable Solvent Model.

FTIR spectroscopy accompanied by quantum chemical simulations can reveal important information about molecular structure and intermolecular interactions in the condensed phase. Simulations typically account for the solvent either through cluster quantum mechanical (QM) models, polarizable continuum models (PCM), or hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) models. Recently, we studied the effect of aqueous solvent interactions on the vibrational frequencies of lumiflavin, a minimal flavin model, using cluster QM and PCM models.

Time-resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy for the study of photosystem I with high potential naphthoquinones incorporated into the A binding site 2: Identification of neutral state quinone bands.

Time-resolved step-scan FTIR difference spectroscopy at 77 K has been used to study photosystem I (PSI) from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with four high-potential, 1,4-naphthoquinones (NQs) incorporated into the A binding site. The incorporated quinones are 2-chloro-NQ (2ClNQ), 2-bromo-NQ (2BrNQ), 2,3-dichloro-NQ (ClNQ), and 2,3-dibromo-NQ (BrNQ).

Nanosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy for the study of electron transfer in photosystem I.

Microsecond time-resolved step-scan FTIR difference spectroscopy was used to study photosystem I (PSI) from Thermosynechococcus vestitus BP-1 (T. vestitus, formerly known as T. elongatus) at 77 K.

Utilising a visual image quality metric to optimise spectacle prescriptions for eyes with keratoconus.

Purpose: To compare optical performance, visual performance, and patient-perceived quality of vision with: (1) spectacles determined using subjective refraction and (2) spectacles determined using an objective optimisation method based on wavefront aberration data for eyes with keratoconus.

Methods: Thirty-seven eyes (20 subjects) with keratoconus underwent both subjective refraction and uncorrected wavefront aberration measurement. Wavefront aberration data were used to objectively identify a sphero-cylindrical refraction that optimised the visual image quality metric visual Strehl ratio (VSX).

Calculated vibrational properties of pigments in protein binding sites 2: Semiquinones in photosynthetic proteins.

[Q - Q] Fourier transform infrared difference spectra have previously been obtained using purple bacterial reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides with unlabeled, O and C isotope labeled phylloquinone (PhQ, also known as vitamin K) incorporated into the Q protein binding site (Breton, (1997), Proc. Natl. Acad.

Sustainable protocol-based management of hypertension in one institution in northern Malawi.

Introduction: Across all WHO regions, Africa has the highest prevalence of hypertension with 46% of the population >25 years estimated to be hypertensive. Blood pressure (BP) control is poor, with <40% of hypertensives diagnosed, <30% of those diagnosed receiving medical treatment, and <20% with adequate control. We report an intervention to improve BP control in a cohort of hypertensive patients attending a single hospital in Mzuzu Malawi, by introducing a limited protocol of four antihypertensive medications taken once-daily.

The political economy of infant and young child feeding: confronting corporate power, overcoming structural barriers, and accelerating progress.

Despite increasing evidence about the value and importance of breastfeeding, less than half of the world's infants and young children (aged 0-36 months) are breastfed as recommended. This Series paper examines the social, political, and economic reasons for this problem. First, this paper highlights the power of the commercial milk formula (CMF) industry to commodify the feeding of infants and young children; influence policy at both national and international levels in ways that grow and sustain CMF markets; and externalise the social, environmental, and economic costs of CMF.

Marketing of commercial milk formula: a system to capture parents, communities, science, and policy.

Despite proven benefits, less than half of infants and young children globally are breastfed in accordance with the recommendations of WHO. In comparison, commercial milk formula (CMF) sales have increased to about US$55 billion annually, with more infants and young children receiving formula products than ever. This Series paper describes the CMF marketing playbook and its influence on families, health professionals, science, and policy processes, drawing on national survey data, company reports, case studies, methodical scoping reviews, and two multicountry research studies.

Development and validation of the Alcohol Message Perceived Effectiveness Scale.

To assist intervention developers assess the likely effectiveness of messages designed to encourage greater use of protective behavioral strategies, this study developed and tested the Alcohol Message Perceived Effectiveness Scale (AMPES). Recommendations from the message effectiveness literature were used to guide AMPES development. The resulting scale was administered in online surveys at two time points to Australian drinkers aged 18-70 years (3001 at Time 1 and 1749 at Time 2).

Pain, Nausea, and Hospital Admission after Uterine Fibroid Embolization: A Comparison of 2 Protocols.

Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) procedures performed from 2013 to 2019 were reviewed. Seventy-two patients were treated with a standard protocol consisting of sedation, ketorolac, ondansetron, and overnight parenteral analgesics and antiemetics. Ninety-six patients were treated with a new protocol, which added transdermal scopolamine, lorazepam, and intravenous acetaminophen.

Radial and Tangential Retinal Magnifications as Functions of Visual Field Angle Across Spherical, Oblate, and Prolate Retinal Profiles.

Purpose: To provide a tool for calculating radial and tangential retinal magnifications as functions of field angle and retinal shape and to articulate patterns of magnification across the retina for monocular and binocular combinations of prolate-, oblate-, and spherical-shaped retinas.

Methods: Formulae were derived to calculate radial and tangential retinal magnifications (mm/deg) from field angle (degrees), retinal asphericity (unitless conic constant), retinal vertex radius of curvature (mm), and nodal point position (mm). Monocular retinal magnifications were determined for eyes with prolate, spherical, and oblate retinas as functions of field angle.

Time-resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy for the study of photosystem I with high potential naphthoquinones incorporated into the A binding site.

Time-resolved step-scan Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy has been used to study cyanobacterial photosystem I photosynthetic reaction centers from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (S6803) with four high-potential, 1,4-naphthoquinones incorporated into the A binding site. The high-potential naphthoquinones are 2-chloro-, 2-bromo-, 2,3-dichloro- and 2,3-dibromo-1,4-naphthoquinone.

Influence of rigid lens decentration and rotation on visual image quality in normal and keratoconic eyes.

Purpose: To investigate whether the movement of a rigid sphero-cylindrical contact lens has a greater impact on the visual image quality in highly aberrated eyes than in normal eyes.

Methods: For 20 normal and 20 keratoconic SyntEyes, a previously determined best sphero-cylindrical rigid lens was permitted to shift by up to ±1 mm from the line of sight and rotate up to ±15°. Each of the 52,111 lens locations sampled was ray-traced to determine the influence on the wavefront aberration.

Metformin Attenuates Inflammatory Responses and Enhances Antibody Production in an Acute Pneumonia Model of .

Metformin may potentially reverse various age-related conditions; however, it is unclear whether metformin can also mitigate or delay the deterioration of immunological resilience that occurs in the context of infections that are commonly observed in older persons. We examined whether metformin promotes the preservation of immunological resilience in an acute (SPN) infection challenge in young adult mice. Mice were fed metformin (MET-alone) or standard chow (controls-alone) for 10 weeks prior to receiving intratracheal inoculation of SPN.

Clinical applications of personalising the neural components of visual image quality metrics for individual eyes.

Purpose: Eyecare is evolving increasingly personalised corrections and increasingly personalised evaluations of corrections on-eye. This report describes individualising optical and neural components of the VSX (visual Strehl) metric and evaluates personalisation using two clinical applications. (1) Better understanding visual experience: While VSX tracks visual performance in typical eyes, non-individualised metrics underestimated visual performance in highly aberrated eyes - could this be understood by personalising metrics? (2) Metric-optimised objective spherocylindrical refractions in typical and atypical eyes have used neural weighting functions of typical eyes - will personalisation affect the outcome in clinical 0.

Experimental and calculated infrared spectra of disubstituted naphthoquinones.

In recent years there has been interest in incorporating substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones (NQs) into the A binding site in photosystem I (PSI) photosynthetic protein complexes. This interest in part stems from the considerably altered bioenergetics of electron transfer that occur in PSI with such substitutions. Time resolved FTIR studies of PSI complexes with disubstituted NQs incorporated have and currently are being undertaken, and with this in mind it is worth considering FTIR absorption spectra of these disubstituted NQs in solution.

Assessing the visual image quality provided by refractive corrections during keratoconus progression.

Purpose: To expand the SyntEyes keratoconus (KTC) model to assess the Visual Image Quality (VIQ) of sphero-cylindrical spectacle and rigid contact lens corrections as keratoconus progresses.

Methods: The previously published SyntEyes KTC eye model to determine best sphero-cylindrical spectacle and rigid contact lens correction in keratoconic eyes was expanded to include the natural progression of keratoconus, thus allowing the assessment of corrected VIQ with disease progression.

Results: As keratoconus progresses, the pattern of visual Strehl ratio (VSX) in correction space for spectacles alters from a typical hourglass into a shell pattern.

Modeling refractive correction strategies in keratoconus.

This work intends to determine the optimal refractive spectacle and scleral lens corrections for keratoconus patients using the visual Strehl (VSX) visual image quality metric and the SyntEyes models with the synthetic biometry of 20 normal eyes and 20 keratoconic eyes. These included the corneal tomography and intraocular biometry. A series of virtual spherocylindrical spectacle and scleral lens corrections spanning the entire phoropter range were separately applied to each eye, followed by ray tracing to determine the residual wavefront aberrations and identify the correction with the highest possible VSX (named a "focus").

The effect of hydrogen-bonding on flavin's infrared absorption spectrum.

Cluster and continuum solvation computational models are employed to model the effect of hydrogen bonding interactions on the vibrational modes of lumiflavin. Calculated spectra were compared to experimental Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra in the diagnostic 1450-1800 cm range, where intense ν, ν, [Formula: see text] , and [Formula: see text] stretching modes of flavin's isoalloxazine ring are found. Local mode analysis is used to describe the strength of hydrogen-bonding in cluster models.