A Randomized Controlled, Treat-to-Target Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) Administered Using Either Device-Supported or Routine Titration in People With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The efficacy/safety of device-supported versus routine titration with Gla-300 in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was evaluated.

Method: AUTOMATIX was a 16-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter, noninferiority trial in insulin-treated or insulin-naïve people with T2DM. The fasting self-monitored plasma glucose (FSMPG) target was 90-130 mg/dL (5.

Correction to: Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Iron Deficiency: CLEVER Trial Study Design and Protocol.

In the original publication, the text in Table 2 stated 'Hypersensitivity to the active substance, to Ferinject, or to any of its excipients'.

Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Type 1 Diabetes (the DEPICT-2 Study): 24-Week Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: This 24-week, double-blinded, phase 3 clinical trial (DEPICT-2; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02460978) evaluated efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin as adjunct therapy to adjustable insulin in patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes (HbA 7.5-10.

Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Iron Deficiency: CLEVER Trial Study Design and Protocol.

Introduction: HbA1c is the gold standard for glycemic control in pre-diabetes and diabetes. However, its validity has been questioned, especially in the presence of imbalanced iron homeostasis. The CLEVER trial aims to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency and HbA1c (a biomarker for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of type 2 diabetes) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial.

Treatment with insulin analogs and prevalence of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Background: A lower incidence of cardiovascular events has been reported in type 2 diabetes patients treated with insulin analogs (IAs). Corresponding data on people affected by type 1 diabetes are not available yet.

Methodology: We investigated demographic and clinical data from 509 type 1 diabetics, who were treated in an outpatient clinic from 2006 to 2012.

Treatment with insulin analogs, especially Glargine and Lispro, associates with better renal function and higher hemoglobin levels in Type 1 diabetic patients with impaired kidney function.

Objectives: The influence of type of insulin treatment - insulin analogs versus human insulin - on the development of diabetes related vascular complications has been sparsely investigated. We examine here possible differences regarding kidney function and hemoglobin levels.

Methods: Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between the following characteristics measured in 509 type 1 diabetic patients who were recruited in an outpatient practice: current clinical status and treatment modalities, type of injected insulin and the routine laboratory parameters hemoglobin, HbA1c, serum creatinine, eGFR, hs CRP and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.

Effect of renal function on serum concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in type 2 diabetic patients in chronic kidney disease stages I-III: A comparative study with HbA1c and glycated albumin.

Background: 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a new blood glucose control marker reflecting temporary glucose elevations. However, 1,5-AG is of limited value in patients with advanced renal insufficiency. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between 1,5-AG levels and renal function in patients with earlier stages of nephropathy compared with another two markers of diabetes control, namely HbA1c and glycated albumin (GA).

The effect of CCR2 inhibitor CCX140-B on residual albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: a randomised trial.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy have high cardiorenal morbidity and mortality despite optimum treatment including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Residual risk is related to residual albuminuria. We assessed whether CCX140-B, a selective inhibitor of C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), could further reduce albuminuria when given in addition to standard care, including ACE inhibitors or ARBs.

Analytical performance of glucose monitoring systems at different blood glucose ranges and analysis of outliers in a clinical setting.

We investigated the analytical accuracy of 27 glucose monitoring systems (GMS) in a clinical setting, using the new ISO accuracy limits. In addition to measuring accuracy at blood glucose (BG) levels < 100 mg/dl and > 100 mg/dl, we also analyzed devices performance with respect to these criteria at 5 specific BG level ranges, making it possible to further differentiate between devices with regard to overall performance. Carbohydrate meals and insulin injections were used to induce an increase or decrease in BG levels in 37 insulin-dependent patients.

Accuracy of self monitoring blood glucose systems in a clinical setting: application of new planned ISO- standards.

Background: The accuracy of glucose meters (GMs) for self-monitoring of blood glucose (BG) is essential for preventing insulin dosage errors in insulin injecting diabetic patients. We evaluated the accuracy of 19 commercially available GMs in a clinical setting applying the new planned ISO criteria.

Methods: Capillary blood was taken at 10-minute intervals in insulin dependent patients during induction of a BG increase and decrease by administration of a standardized carbohydrate rich meal and/or injection of an appropriate dosage of insulin under medical supervision.

Insulin requirements in patients with diabetes and declining kidney function: differences between insulin analogues and human insulin?

Objectives: In diabetic nephropathy the decline of renal function causes modifications of the insulin and carbohydrate metabolism resulting in changed insulin requirements. The aim of the present study was to identify potential differences in the requirements of human insulin and various insulin analogues in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and renal dysfunction.

Methods: The insulin requirements of 346 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus under everyday life circumstances were assessed in an observational study.

Blood glucose self-monitoring with a long-term subconjunctival glucose sensor.

Background: To evaluate the feasibility of an implantable subconjunctival glucose monitoring system (SGMS) for long-term glucose monitoring, we investigated the in vivo performance of the system.

Method: The SGMS consists of an implantable ocular mini implant (OMI) and a handheld fluorescence photometer. A clinical study was performed on 47 diabetes patients split into two cohorts.

First clinical evaluation of a new percutaneous optical fiber glucose sensor for continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes.

Background: This article describes a new fiber-coupled, percutaneous fluorescent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system that has shown 14 days of functionality in a human clinical trial.

Method: The new optical CGM system (FiberSense) consists of a transdermal polymer optical fiber containing a biochemical glucose sensor and a small fluorescence photometer optically coupled to the fiber. The glucose-sensitive optical fiber was implanted in abdominal and upper-arm subcutaneous tissue of six diabetes patients and remained there for up to 14 days.

Safety and accuracy of a new long-term subconjunctival glucose sensor.

Background: A new biosensor has been developed by EyeSense (Großostheim, Germany) that is placed into the conjunctiva of one eye to measure the glucose concentration of the surrounding tissue in a non-invasive manner. In the present study we investigated the correlation between glucose concentrations measured by the EyeSense implant and those determined by finger prick testing, as well as the tolerability and safety of the implant over a 16-week period.

Methods: The study was performed in 28 diabetic patients.

Ramipril-based versus diuretic-based antihypertensive primary treatment in patients with pre-diabetes (ADaPT) study.

Background: Previous randomized controlled trials demonstrated a protective effect of renin angiotensin system blocking agents for the development of type-2 diabetes in patients with pre-diabetes. However, there are no real-world data available to illustrate the relevance for clinical practice.

Methods: Open, prospective, parallel group study comparing patients with an ACE inhibitor versus a diuretic based treatment.

Effect of insulin analogs on the decline of hemoglobin in diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Aim: Decrease of hemoglobin occurs in diabetic patients with nephropathy earlier than in nondiabetic patients, probably due to impaired synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO). Apart from EPO, insulin also stimulates erythropoiesis. We investigate whether there are differences between human insulin and insulin analogs in respect of their erythropoiesis stimulating effect.

First-line antihypertensive treatment in patients with pre-diabetes: rationale, design and baseline results of the ADaPT investigation.

Background: Recent clinical trials reported conflicting results on the reduction of new-onset diabetes using RAS blocking agents. Therefore the role of these agents in preventing diabetes is still not well defined. Ramipril is an ACE inhibitor (ACEi), that has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in high risk patients and post-hoc analyses of the HOPE trial have provided evidence for its beneficial action in the prevention of diabetes.

[Influence of metabolic control on hemoglobin level in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy].

Background And Purpose: Diabetic patients with nephropathy show a decline of hemoglobin even at a moderate degree of kidney dysfunction which may impair cardiovascular prognosis. As main reason a disturbed synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO) has been suggested, the pathogenesis, however, is unclear. The clinical significance of metabolic control for the hemoglobin and EPO levels was investigated.

[Insulin requirement in patients with type 1 diabetes with reduced renal function: human insulin versus analogue insulin].

Introduction: Insulin clearance and the degree of insulin resistance change in type 1 diabetes in patients with reduced kidney function and make it more difficult to achieve good metabolic control. For some years different analogue insulins have become available. Their pharmacological characteristics in renal failure have not as yet been investigated in detail.

[Protection of renal function in diabetics].

The course of diabetic nephropathy is affected by several factors that can be manipulated. In primary prevention, near normal metabolic control beginning at the time of the diagnosis of diabetes diminishes the risk of microalbuminuria to an extent depending on the HbA1c level attained. Hypertensive diabetics should be consistently treated with renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-blocking agents.

External beam radiotherapy fails to prevent restenosis after iliac or femoropopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: results of a prospective randomized double-blind study.

Purpose: Early restenosis is one of the major complications after successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), in main, as well as peripheral, arteries. The effectiveness of hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) as a prophylaxis for restenosis was examined in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.

Methods And Materials: Forty-eight patients underwent sham RT and 47 were treated with daily RT in 3-Gy fractions, to a total dose of 21 Gy.

Safety and efficacy of repaglinide in type 2 diabetic patients with and without impaired renal function.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of renal impairment on the safety and efficacy of repaglinide in type 2 diabetic patients.

Research Design And Methods: This multinational, open-label study comprised a 6-week run-in period, continuing prestudy antidiabetic medication, followed by a titration period (1-4 weeks) and a 3-month maintenance period. Patients with normal renal function (n = 151) and various degrees of renal impairment (n = 130) were treated with repaglinide (maximal dose of 4 mg, three times daily).

[Severe hypoglycemia in diabetics with impaired renal function].

Background And Objective: Reduction of renal function in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes is associated with a clearly increased risk of hypoglycemia. Main causes are an altered pharmacokinetics of insulin and oral antidiabetics and/or impaired renal glucose production. A knowledge of renal function is, therefore, essential for preventing hypoglycemia caused by antidiabetic treatment.