Insights into geometric deviations of medical 3d-printing: a phantom study utilizing error propagation analysis.

Background: The use of 3D-printing in medicine requires a context-specific quality assurance program to ensure patient safety. The process of medical 3D-printing involves several steps, each of which might be prone to its own set of errors. The segmentation error (SegE), the digital editing error (DEE) and the printing error (PrE) are the most important partial errors.

Staged versus nonstaged elective hybrid iliofemoral revascularization - analysis of ten years of prospective data.

Background: Reports of large series of hybrid iliofemoral revascularization for chronic lower limb ischemia are scarce. The aims of this study were to evaluate outcomes for staged and nonstaged procedures, and to evaluate risk factors for outcomes at 90 days.

Methods: Patients were consecutively included between 2013 and 2023.

The Influence of Different Sera on the Anti-Infective Properties of Silver Nitrate in Biopolymer Coatings.

The widespread prevalence of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) poses significant challenges in orthopedic surgeries, with pathogens such as being particularly problematic due to their capability to form biofilms on implants. This study investigates the efficacy of an innovative silver nitrate-embedded poly-L-lactide biopolymer coating designed to prevent such infections. The methods involved applying varying concentrations of silver nitrate to in vitro setups and recording the resultant bacterial growth inhibition across different serum environments, including human serum and various animal sera.

Therapeutic potential of human microglia transplantation in a chimeric model of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy.

Microglia replacement strategies are increasingly being considered for the treatment of primary microgliopathies like adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). However, available mouse models fail to recapitulate the diverse neuropathologies and reduced microglia numbers observed in patients. In this study, we generated a xenotolerant mouse model lacking the fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE) enhancer within Csf1r, which develops nearly all the hallmark pathologies associated with ALSP.

The Potential for Foreign Body Reaction of Implanted Poly-L-Lactic Acid: A Systematic Review.

Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) implants have been used for bone fixation for decades. However, upon insertion, they can cause a foreign body reaction (FBR) that may lead to complications. On 15 December 2023, a systematic review was conducted to search for articles on the PubMed, MeSH term, and Scopus databases using the keywords 'PLLA' and 'foreign body reaction'.

Quality assurance of 3D-printed patient specific anatomical models: a systematic review.

Background: The responsible use of 3D-printing in medicine includes a context-based quality assurance. Considerable literature has been published in this field, yet the quality of assessment varies widely. The limited discriminatory power of some assessment methods challenges the comparison of results.

Shock Wave-Activated Silver-Loaded Biopolymer Implant Coating Eliminates on the Surface and in the Surrounding of Implants.

Bacterial biofilms on foreign surfaces are considered a primary cause of implant-related infections, which are challenging to treat. A new implant coating was developed, containing anti-infective silver within a biocompatible polymer carrier substance. In addition to its passive effect on the implant surface, highly concentrated anti-infective silver can be released as needed via the application of high-energy shock waves.

Multicenter parallel randomized trial evaluating incisional negative pressure wound therapy for the prevention of surgical site infection after lower extremity bypass.

Objective: Incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) applied over all incisions after lower extremity bypass in the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs) is unclear. The primary and secondary aims of this study were to investigate if prophylactic iNPWT after the elective lower extremity bypass prevents SSI and other surgical wound complications.

Methods: This was a multicenter, parallel, randomized controlled trial.

On-Demand Release of Anti-Infective Silver from a Novel Implant Coating Using High-Energy Focused Shock Waves.

Implant-related infections are a significant concern in orthopedic surgery. A novel anti-infective implant coating made of bioresorbable polymer with silver nitrate was developed. A controlled release of silver ions into the vicinity of the prosthesis can be triggered on-demand by extracorporeal shock waves to effectively combat all clinically relevant microorganisms.

Prospective Comparison of Wound Complication Rates after Elective Open Peripheral Vascular Surgery - Endovascular Versus Open Vascular Surgeons.

Background: Skill and experience of surgeons are likely to influence the incidence of surgical wound complications (SWC) after open lower limb revascularization. Differences in SWC between surgeons with predominantly endovascular or open vascular surgical profiles could be expected. The aim of this study was to compare SWC rates after elective open vascular surgery between primarily endovascular and primarily open vascular surgeons.

Engineering an inhibitor-resistant human CSF1R variant for microglia replacement.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can replace endogenous microglia with circulation-derived macrophages but has high mortality. To mitigate the risks of HSCT and expand the potential for microglia replacement, we engineered an inhibitor-resistant CSF1R that enables robust microglia replacement. A glycine to alanine substitution at position 795 of human CSF1R (G795A) confers resistance to multiple CSF1R inhibitors, including PLX3397 and PLX5622.

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections Using Fascia Closure After EVAR-A Randomized Trial.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) in the groin after vascular surgery are common. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on SSI incidence when applied on closed inguinal incisions after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Methods: A multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Patients' Experiences Using Closed Incision Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Dressing After Infra-Inguinal Vascular Surgery.

The PICO™ dressing utilizes incisional negative pressure wound therapy in reducing surgical site infection after vascular surgery; however, no patient-reported investigations are available. The objective was to explore patientś experiences wearing the PICO™ dressing for 7 days. Nine men and 6 women were interviewed, and analysis was conducted using qualitative content analysis.

Mechanical and microbiological testing concept for activatable anti-infective biopolymer implant coatings.

An anti-infective bilayer implant coating with selectively activatable properties was developed to prevent biofilm formation and to support the treatment of periprosthetic infection as a local adjunct to current treatment concepts. In a first step, Ti6Al4V discs were coated with a permanent layer of Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) including silver ions. The PLLA could be optionally released by the application of extracorporeal shock waves.

The P522R protective variant of PLCG2 promotes the expression of antigen presentation genes by human microglia in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

The P522R variant of PLCG2, expressed by microglia, is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, the impact of this protective mutation on microglial responses to AD pathology remains unknown. Chimeric AD and wild-type mice were generated by transplanting PLCG2-P522R or isogenic wild-type human induced pluripotent stem cell microglia.

Efficacy and immunogenicity of MultiTEP-based DNA vaccines targeting human α-synuclein: prelude for IND enabling studies.

Accumulation of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the brain leads to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal damage, and the onset of relevant neurodegenerative disorder/s. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by the aberrant accumulation of α-Syn intracytoplasmic Lewy body inclusions and dystrophic Lewy neurites resulting in neurodegeneration associated with inflammation. Cell to cell propagation of α-Syn aggregates is implicated in the progression of PD/DLB, and high concentrations of anti-α-Syn antibodies could inhibit/reduce the spreading of this pathological molecule in the brain.

Plaque-associated human microglia accumulate lipid droplets in a chimeric model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Disease-associated microglia (DAMs), that surround beta-amyloid plaques, represent a transcriptionally-distinct microglial profile in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Activation of DAMs is dependent on triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in mouse models and the AD TREM2-R47H risk variant reduces microglial activation and plaque association in human carriers. Interestingly, TREM2 has also been identified as a microglial lipid-sensor, and recent data indicates lipid droplet accumulation in aged microglia, that is in turn associated with a dysfunctional proinflammatory phenotype.

Focal osteolysis and corrosion at the junction of Precice Stryde intramedullary lengthening device : preliminary clinical, radiological, and metallurgic analysis of 57 lengthened segments.

Aims: This study aims to enhance understanding of clinical and radiological consequences and involved mechanisms that led to corrosion of the Precice Stryde (Stryde) intramedullary lengthening nail in the post market surveillance era of the device. Between 2018 and 2021 more than 2,000 Stryde nails have been implanted worldwide. However, the outcome of treatment with the Stryde system is insufficiently reported.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of negative pressure wound therapy dressings after open inguinal vascular surgery - The randomised INVIPS-Trial.

Aim: While the scientific evidence in favour of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) dressings on sutured incisions in the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs) has increased, the cost-effectiveness after vascular surgery has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of NPWT compared to standard dressings for the prevention of SSIs after open inguinal vascular surgery.

Materials And Methods: Patient data were retrieved from the randomised INVIPS-trial's open arm, which included patients randomised to either NPWT or standard dressings.

Human iPSC-derived microglia: A growing toolset to study the brain's innate immune cells.

Recent advances in the generation of microglia from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have provided exciting new approaches to examine and decipher the biology of microglia. As these techniques continue to evolve to encompass more complex in situ and in vivo paradigms, so too have they begun to yield novel scientific insight into the genetics and function of human microglia. As such, researchers now have access to a toolset comprised of three unique "flavors" of iPSC-derived microglia: in vitro microglia (iMGs), organoid microglia (oMGs), and xenotransplanted microglia (xMGs).

Proposed Classification of Incision Complications: Analysis of a Prospective Study on Elective Open Lower-Limb Revascularization.

Incision complications (IC) have a significant impact on procedure-related morbidity after lower-limb revascularization. One of the most studied IC is surgical site infection (SSI). Reporting these complications in a uniform way is crucial to evaluate treatment approaches.