Synthesis and evaluation of nitrochromene derivatives as potential antileishmanial therapeutics through biological and computational studies.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoan organisms belonging to the Leishmania genus, affecting many individuals worldwide, with the burden surpassing one million cases. This disease leads to considerable morbidity and mortality, predominantly within tropical and subtropical regions. The current therapeutic options for leishmaniasis are far from ideal, as they fail to achieve a level of efficacy that can be deemed universally effective.

Current and Emerging Techniques for Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.

is an intracellular parasite capable of crossing the placenta in pregnancy and infecting the developing fetus, leading to various congenital anomalies and even abortion. Acute infection is responsible for almost all cases of congenital toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent pregnant women. Prenatal screening for acute toxoplasmosis primarily involves maternal serology and fetal ultrasound imaging.

Cancer Trends in Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are susceptible to developing cancer due to defects in the immune system. The prevalence of cancer is higher in IEI patients compared to the immunocompetent population and cancers are considered as an important and common cause of death in IEI patients.

Objectives: To systematically review demographic, genetic and cancer-related data of IEI patients with a history of malignancy.

Field Efficacy of Topical Nano-Liposomal Amphotericin B (Sina Ampholeish®) Alone or in Combination with Glucantime® and Cryotherapy on Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease that presents a broad spectrum of clinical features. Treatment of CL is problematic. We aimed to compare the field therapeutic efficacy of topical nanoliposomes containing 0.

Integration and evaluation of cutaneous leishmaniasis laboratory diagnosis in the primary health care laboratory network.

Background: The lack of an integrated national system prevents the Islamic Republic of Iran from registering and reporting all cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Aim: To establish a laboratory network for the improvement of diagnosis and surveillance of cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran using parasitological and molecular methods.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, pilot study examined 49 laboratories in the 2 endemic areas for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Mapping current and future risk of scorpion sting from a species with low medical concern, Mesobuthus phillipsii (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Iran.

Scorpion stings are one of the most important health challenges and high priority research topic in public health. In this study, we aimed to model habitat suitability of the Mesobuthus phillipsii (Pocock 1889), a species with low medical concern, under current and future climatic conditions in Iran. We also identified vulnerable populations to scorpion stings in the country.

SARS-CoV-2 in domestic cats (Felis catus) in the northwest of Iran: Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 circulating between human and cats.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 in domestic cats, focusing on the disease in the northwest of Iran and then showing the natural transmission of SARS-COV-2 circulating between domestic cats and humans. After receiving ethic codes from Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.

Leishmania spp. infection in Rhombomys opimus and Meriones libycus as main reservoirs of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central parts of Iran: Progress and implications in health policy.

Rodents from the subfamily Gerbillinae are the principal reservoir of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania major in the center and northeast of Iran. This study was conducted to determine both naturally occurring Leishmania infection rates and the distribution of Leishmania species in the central parts of Iran during 2019-2020. In this regard, presence of Leishmania parasites were confirmed by microscopic examination and the species were identified by nested-PCR using the Internal Transcribed Spacer2- Ribosomal DNA (ITS2-rDNA).

Spatial Distribution of Common Pathogenic Human Intestinal Protozoa in Iran: A Systematic Review.

Background: Pathogenic intestinal protozoa are considered as a serious public health problem in developing countries. This study aimed to elucidate the overall prevalence and spatial distribution of three common human pathogenic intestinal protozoan infections in Iran.

Methods: Six English and Persian databases were explored for published papers on the prevalence of , and spp.

Mental Health Benefits of Exercise and Genistein in Elderly Rats.

Elderly is a part of life that is associated with physical and mental disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) along with genistein (Ge) on memory, anxiety, physical persistence and aerobic power in elderly rats. Forty elderly rats were randomly assigned to five groups of eight rats including 1) control (C), 2) sham (Sh), 3) HIIT, 4) HIIT+Ge, and 5)Ge.

Autoimmune manifestations among 461 patients with monogenic inborn errors of immunity.

Background: The inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders mainly characterized by severe and recurrent infections besides other complications including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aim to evaluate clinical, immunologic, and molecular data of monogenic IEI patients with and without autoimmune manifestations.

Methods: We have retrospectively screened cases of monogenic IEI in the Iranian PID registry for the occurrence of autoimmunity and immune dysregulation.

Tehran environmental and neurodevelopmental disorders (TEND) cohort study: Phase I, feasibility assessment.

Purpose: To advance knowledge about childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and study their environmental determinants, we conducted a study in Tehran, Iran to assess the feasibility of prospective birth cohort study.

Methods: We evaluated participation of pregnant women, feasibility of sampling biological material, and health care services availability in Tehran in four steps: (1) first trimester of pregnancy; (2) third trimester of pregnancy; (3) at delivery; and (4) two to three months after delivery. We collected related data through questionnaires, also various biological samples were obtained from mothers (blood, urine, milk and nails-hands and feet) and newborns (umbilical cord blood, meconium, and urine samples) from February 2016 to October 2017.

The diagnostic accuracy of direct agglutination test for serodiagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Direct agglutination test (DAT) as a simple, accurate and reliable method, has been widely used for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) during the last three decades. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DAT for serodiagnosis of human VL.

Methods: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, Web of Science, SID and Mag Iran (two Persian scientific search engines) were searched from December 2004 to April 2019.

Evaluation of patients with primary immunodeficiency associated with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccine-derived complications.

Background: Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has a great impact on the prevention of severe complications of tuberculosis. However, in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID), it can lead to severe complications such as severe combined immunodeficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, and Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease. This study highlights the demographics, clinical complications and laboratory parameters among PID patients associated with BCG vaccination side effects.

Monogenic Primary Immunodeficiency Disorder Associated with Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Autoimmunity.

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent primary immunodeficiency disorder mainly characterized by recurrent bacterial infections besides other immunological defects including loss of or dysfunction of B cells and decreased immunoglobulin levels. In this study, our aim is to evaluate clinical, immunological, and molecular data of patients with a primary clinical diagnosis of CVID and autoimmune phenotype with a confirmed genetic diagnosis.

Methods: Among 297 patients with CVID, who were registered in the Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry at Children's Medical Center Hospital in Iran, 83 patients have been genetically examined and 27 patients with autoimmunity and confirmed genetic mutations were selected for analysis.

Evaluation of Radiation Sensitivity in Patients with Hyper IgM Syndrome.

Background: HIGM syndrome is a rare form of primary immunodeficiencies characterized by normal/increased amounts of serum IgM and decreased serum levels of other switched immunoglobulin classes. Since the affected patients are continuously infected with various types of pathogens and are susceptible for cancers, diagnostic and therapeutic tests including imaging techniques are recommended for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, which predispose them to higher accumulated doses of radiation. Given the evidence of class switching recombination machinery defect and its association with an increased rate of DNA repair, we aimed to evaluate radiation sensitivity among a group of patients diagnosed with HIGM syndrome.

Effect of Class Switch Recombination Defect on the Phenotype of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Patients.

: Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with multisystem involvement caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the gene which encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase. The aims of this study were to investigate class switch recombination (CSR) and to review the clinical and immunologic phenotypes of 3 groups of A-T patients, including A-T patients with CSR defects (CSR-D), A-T patients with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgA-D) and A-T patients with normal Ig level. : In this study, 41 patients with confirmed diagnosis of A-T (16 A-T patients with HIgM, 15 A-T patients with IgA-D, and 10 A-T patients with normal Ig levels) from Iranian immunodeficiency registry center were enrolled.

Evaluation of respiratory complications in patients with X-linked and autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia.

Background: Congenital agammaglobulinemia is the first primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a defect in B lymphocyte development and subsequently decreased immunoglobulin levels. These patients are prone to suffer from recurrent infections mostly involving the respiratory tract. In this study, we aimed to describe in detail respiratory tract complications as the most prominent clinical feature among agammaglobulinemic patients.

Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-Vaccine-Derived Complications: A Systematic Review.

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a live attenuated bacterial vaccine derived from Mycobacterium bovis, which is mostly administered to neonates in regions where tuberculosis is endemic. Adverse reactions after BCG vaccination are rare; however, immunocompromised individuals and in particular patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are prone to develop vaccine-derived complications.

Objective: To systematically review demographic, clinical, immunologic, and genetic data of PIDs that present with BCG vaccine complications.

Comparison of clinical and immunological features and mortality in common variable immunodeficiency and agammaglobulinemia patients.

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and agammaglobulinemia are two of the main types of symptomatic primary antibody deficiencies. The pathogenic origins of these two diseases are different; agammaglobulinemia is a group of inherited disorders that usually are caused by mutations in the gene encoding Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) protein while CVID is a heterogeneous disorder mainly without monogenic cause. However, both diseases share a characteristic of frequent bacterial infections, a decline in serum immunoglobulin levels, and abnormality in antibody responses.

Asymptomatic Malaria and its Challenges in the Malaria Elimination Program in Iran: a Systematic Review.

Background: The objective of this study was to find an appropriate approach to asymptomatic malaria in elimination setting through a systematic review.

Methods: A broad search was conducted to find articles with the words 'malaria' in their titles and 'asymptomatic' or 'submicroscopic' in their texts, irrespective of the type of study conducted. The Cochrane, Medline/Pub Med, and Scopus databases, as well as Google Scholar were systematically searched for English articles and reports and Iran's databases-Iran Medex, SID and Magiran were searched for Persian reports and articles, with no time limitation.